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服务器之家 - 编程语言 - Android - 源码分析Android LayoutInflater的使用

源码分析Android LayoutInflater的使用

2023-05-30 11:13Yocn Android

简单来说,LayoutInflater的工作就是将使用xml文件编写的布局转换成Android里的View对象,并且这也是Android中将xml布局转换成View的唯一方式。本文将从源码带大家了解一下LayoutInflater的具体使用

LayoutInflater

开头先附一段LayoutInflater类的注释简介

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/**
 * Instantiates a layout XML file into its corresponding {@link android.view.View}
 * objects. It is never used directly. Instead, use
 * {@link android.app.Activity#getLayoutInflater()} or
 * {@link Context#getSystemService} to retrieve a standard LayoutInflater instance
 * that is already hooked up to the current context and correctly configured
 * for the device you are running on.
 *
 * To create a new LayoutInflater with an additional {@link Factory} for your
 * own views, you can use {@link #cloneInContext} to clone an existing
 * ViewFactory, and then call {@link #setFactory} on it to include your
 * Factory.
 *
 * For performance reasons, view inflation relies heavily on pre-processing of
 * XML files that is done at build time. Therefore, it is not currently possible
 * to use LayoutInflater with an XmlPullParser over a plain XML file at runtime;
 * it only works with an XmlPullParser returned from a compiled resource
 * (R.<em>something</em> file.)
 */

这是LayoutInflater开头的一段介绍,我们能看到几个重要的信息:

  • LayoutInfalter的作用是把XML转化成对应的View对象,需要用Activity#getLayoutInflater()或者getSystemService获取,会绑定当前的Context
  • 如果需要使用自定义的Factory查看替换加载信息,需要用cloneInContext去克隆一个ViewFactory,然后调用setFactory设置自定义的Factory
  • 性能原因,inflate会在build阶段进行,无法用来加载一个外部文本XML文件,只能加载R.xxx.xxx这种处理好的资源文件。
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//LayoutInflater.java
    public View inflate(@LayoutRes int resource, @Nullable ViewGroup root) {
    //root是否为null来决定attachToRoot是否为true。
        return inflate(resource, root, root != null);
    }
    public View inflate(XmlPullParser parser, @Nullable ViewGroup root) {
        return inflate(parser, root, root != null);
    }
    public View inflate(@LayoutRes int resource, @Nullable ViewGroup root, boolean attachToRoot) {
        final Resources res = getContext().getResources();
        ...
 
        final XmlResourceParser parser = res.getLayout(resource);
        try {
            return inflate(parser, root, attachToRoot);
        } finally {
            parser.close();
        }
    }
//三个inflate方法最终都会调用到下面这个三个参数的inflate方法。
    /**
     * parser XML节点包含了View的层级描述
     * root 需要attached到的根目录,如果attachToRoot为true则root必须不为null。
     * attachToRoot 加载的层级是否需要attach到rootView,
     * return attachToRoot为true,就返回root,反之false就返回加载的XML文件的根节点View。
     */
    public View inflate(XmlPullParser parser, @Nullable ViewGroup root, boolean attachToRoot) {
        synchronized (mConstructorArgs) {
 
            final Context inflaterContext = mContext;
            final AttributeSet attrs = Xml.asAttributeSet(parser);
            Context lastContext = (Context) mConstructorArgs[0];
            mConstructorArgs[0] = inflaterContext;
            View result = root;
 
            try {
                // Look for the root node.
                int type;
                while ((type = parser.next()) != XmlPullParser.START_TAG &&
                        type != XmlPullParser.END_DOCUMENT) {
                    // Empty
                }
                if (type != XmlPullParser.START_TAG) {
                    throw new InflateException(parser.getPositionDescription() + ": No start tag found!");
                }
                final String name = parser.getName();
...
 
                if (TAG_MERGE.equals(name)) {
                    if (root == null || !attachToRoot) {
                        throw new InflateException("<merge /> can be used only with a valid " + "ViewGroup root and attachToRoot=true");
                    }
 
                    rInflate(parser, root, inflaterContext, attrs, false);
                } else {
                    // Temp is the root view that was found in the xml
                    final View temp = createViewFromTag(root, name, inflaterContext, attrs);
                    ViewGroup.LayoutParams params = null;
                    if (root != null) {
                        // Create layout params that match root, if supplied
                        params = root.generateLayoutParams(attrs);
                        if (!attachToRoot) {
                            // Set the layout params for temp if we are not
                            // attaching. (If we are, we use addView, below)
                            temp.setLayoutParams(params);
                        }
                    }
 
                    rInflateChildren(parser, temp, attrs, true);
 
...
                    // We are supposed to attach all the views we found (int temp) to root. Do that now.
                    if (root != null && attachToRoot) {
                        root.addView(temp, params);
                    }
 
                    // Decide whether to return the root that was passed in or the top view found in xml.
                    if (root == null || !attachToRoot) {
                        result = temp;
                    }
                }
            } catch (XmlPullParserException e) {
...
            }
            return result;
        }
    }

inflate方法使用XmlPullParser解析XML文件,并根据得到的标签名执行不同的逻辑:

  • 首先如果是merge标签,会走rInflate方法,方法前面带r的说明是recurse递归方法
  • 如果不是merge标签,执行createViewFromTag,根据传入的nameattrs获取到name对应的rootView并且添加到root里面。

针对merge标签,如果是merge标签必须有root并且必须attachToRoot==true,否则直接抛异常,所以我们得知merge必须作为root标签使用,并且不能用在子标签中①,rInflate方法中也会针对merge标签进行检查,保证merge标签不会出现在子标签中,后面会有介绍。
检查通过则调用rInflate(parser, root, inflaterContext, attrs, false)方法,递归遍历root的层级,解析加载childrenView挂载到parentView下面,rinflate详细解析可以看rinflate

如果不是merge标签则调用createViewFromTag(root, name, inflaterContext, attrs),这个方法的作用是加载名字为name的view,根据name反射方式创建对应的View,根据传入的attrs构造Params设置给View,返回创建好的View。
当然这只是创建了一个View,需要再调用rInflateChildren(parser, temp, attrs, true),这个方法也是一个递归方法,它的作用是根据传入的parser包含的层级,加载此层级的子View并挂载到temp下面。

createViewFromTag

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View createViewFromTag(View parent, String name, Context context, AttributeSet attrs,
        boolean ignoreThemeAttr) {
    if (name.equals("view")) {
        name = attrs.getAttributeValue(null, "class");
    }
 
    // Apply a theme wrapper, if allowed and one is specified.
    // 如果传入的attr中包含theme属性,则使用此attr中的theme。
    if (!ignoreThemeAttr) {
        final TypedArray ta = context.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs, ATTRS_THEME);
        final int themeResId = ta.getResourceId(0, 0);
        if (themeResId != 0) {
            context = new ContextThemeWrapper(context, themeResId);
        }
        ta.recycle();
    }
 
    if (name.equals(TAG_1995)) {
        // Let's party like it's 1995!
        return new BlinkLayout(context, attrs);
    }
 
    try {
        View view;
        if (mFactory2 != null) {
            view = mFactory2.onCreateView(parent, name, context, attrs);
        } else if (mFactory != null) {
            view = mFactory.onCreateView(name, context, attrs);
        } else {
            view = null;
        }
 
        if (view == null && mPrivateFactory != null) {
            view = mPrivateFactory.onCreateView(parent, name, context, attrs);
        }
 
        if (view == null) {
            final Object lastContext = mConstructorArgs[0];
            mConstructorArgs[0] = context;
            try {
                if (-1 == name.indexOf('.')) {
                    view = onCreateView(parent, name, attrs);
                } else {
                    view = createView(name, null, attrs);
                }
            } finally {
                mConstructorArgs[0] = lastContext;
            }
        }
 
        return view;
    } catch (Exception e) {
        ...
    }
}

先看当前标签的attr属性里面是否设置了theme,如果设置了就用当前标签的theme属性,绑定到context上面。 这里很有意思的是特殊判断了一个TAG_1995,也就是blink,一个将包裹的内容每隔500ms显示隐藏的一个标签,怎么看都像个彩蛋~

然后调用mFactory2onCreateView,如果没有设置mFactory2就尝试mFactory,否则调用mPrivateFactory,mFactory2和mFactory后面再说,这里先往后走。

如果还是没有加载到view,先判断name,看名字里是不是有.,如果没有就表明是Android原生的View,最终都会调用到createView方法,onCreateView最终会调用到createView(name, "android.view.", attrs);,会在View名字天面添加"android.view."前缀。

下面是默认的createView的实现:

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@Nullable
public final View createView(@NonNull Context viewContext, @NonNull String name,
        @Nullable String prefix, @Nullable AttributeSet attrs)
        throws ClassNotFoundException, InflateException {
    Objects.requireNonNull(viewContext);
    Objects.requireNonNull(name);
    Constructor<? extends View> constructor = sConstructorMap.get(name);
    if (constructor != null && !verifyClassLoader(constructor)) {
        constructor = null;
        sConstructorMap.remove(name);
    }
    Class<? extends View> clazz = null;
 
    try {
        if (constructor == null) {
            // Class not found in the cache, see if it's real, and try to add it
            clazz = Class.forName(prefix != null ? (prefix + name) : name, false,
                    mContext.getClassLoader()).asSubclass(View.class);
 
            if (mFilter != null && clazz != null) {
                boolean allowed = mFilter.onLoadClass(clazz);
                if (!allowed) {
                    failNotAllowed(name, prefix, viewContext, attrs);
                }
            }
            constructor = clazz.getConstructor(mConstructorSignature);
            constructor.setAccessible(true);
            sConstructorMap.put(name, constructor);
        } else {
            // If we have a filter, apply it to cached constructor
            if (mFilter != null) {
                // Have we seen this name before?
                Boolean allowedState = mFilterMap.get(name);
                if (allowedState == null) {
                    // New class -- remember whether it is allowed
                    clazz = Class.forName(prefix != null ? (prefix + name) : name, false,
                            mContext.getClassLoader()).asSubclass(View.class);
 
                    boolean allowed = clazz != null && mFilter.onLoadClass(clazz);
                    mFilterMap.put(name, allowed);
                    if (!allowed) {
                        failNotAllowed(name, prefix, viewContext, attrs);
                    }
                } else if (allowedState.equals(Boolean.FALSE)) {
                    failNotAllowed(name, prefix, viewContext, attrs);
                }
            }
        }
 
        Object lastContext = mConstructorArgs[0];
        mConstructorArgs[0] = viewContext;
        Object[] args = mConstructorArgs;
        args[1] = attrs;
 
        try {
            final View view = constructor.newInstance(args);
            if (view instanceof ViewStub) {
                // Use the same context when inflating ViewStub later.
                final ViewStub viewStub = (ViewStub) view;
                viewStub.setLayoutInflater(cloneInContext((Context) args[0]));
            }
            return view;
        } finally {
            mConstructorArgs[0] = lastContext;
        }
    } catch (Exception e) {
        ...
    } finally {
        Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW);
    }
}

这个方法可以看到View是怎么创建出来的,用类的全限定名拿到class信息,有一个sConstructorMap缓存类的constructor,如果能拿到有效的构造器就不再重复创建来提升效率,如果没有缓存的构造器,就反射得到构造器并添加到sConstructorMap中以便后面使用。这里有个mFilter来提供自定义选项,用户可以自定义哪些类不允许构造。

拿到构造器之后,实际上newInstance是调用了两View个参数的构造方法。第一个参数是Context,第二个参数是attrs,这样我们就得到了需要加载的View。

这里可以结合LayoutInflater.Factory2一起来看,Activity实际上是实现了LayoutInflater.Factory2接口的:

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//Activity.java
    public View onCreateView(@NonNull String name, @NonNull Context context,
            @NonNull AttributeSet attrs) {
        return null;
    }

所以我们可以直接在Activity里面重写onCreateView方法,这样就可以根据View的名字来实现我们的一些操作,比如换肤的操作,比如定义一个名字来表示某种自定义View。可以看这样一个用法:

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<PlaceHolder
    android:layout_width="wrap_content"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:gravity="center"
    android:text="include LinearLayout"
    android:textColor="#fff"
    android:textSize="15sp" />

然后我们在重写的onCreateView里面判断name:

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@Override
public View onCreateView(String name, Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
    if ("PlaceHolder".equals(name)) {
        return new TextView(this, attrs);
    }
    return super.onCreateView(name, context, attrs);
}

这样其实就不拘泥于名字可以自己创建对应的View,这样其实可以用在多个module依赖的时候,如果在moduleA中得不到moduleB的某个自定义View,可以使用一个这样的方式来在moudleA中暂时的用来做一个占位标记,在moduleB中做一个判断。

同样的,通过上面的代码我们知道LayoutInflater是通过反射拿到构造方法来创建View的,那众所周知反射是有性能损耗的,那么我们可以在onCreateView方法中判断名字直接new出来,当然也可以跟AppcompatActivity里面做的一样,做一些兼容的操作来替换成不同版本的View:

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public final View createView(View parent, final String name, @NonNull Context context,
        View view = null;
        switch (name) {
            case "TextView":
                view = new AppCompatTextView(context, attrs);
                break;
            case "ImageView":
                view = new AppCompatImageView(context, attrs);
                break;
            case "Button":
                view = new AppCompatButton(context, attrs);
                break;
            case "EditText":
                view = new AppCompatEditText(context, attrs);
                break;
            case "Spinner":
                view = new AppCompatSpinner(context, attrs);
                break;
            case "ImageButton":
                view = new AppCompatImageButton(context, attrs);
                break;
            ...
        }
...
        return view;
    }

还没有展开说rinflate,篇幅限制,放到另外一篇文章中去分析,rinflate源码分析。

流程图如下:

源码分析Android LayoutInflater的使用

总结

  • LayoutInfalter的作用是把XML转化成对应的View对象,需要用Activity#getLayoutInflater()或者getSystemService获取
  • 加载时先判断是否是merge标签,merge标签走递归方法rinflate,否则走createViewFromTag
  • createViewFromTag作用是根据xml标签的名字去加载对应的View,使用的是反射的方法
  • LayoutInflater.Factory2是设计出来灵活构造View的接口,可以用来实现换肤或者替换View的功能,同时也是AppcompatActivity用来做兼容和版本替换的接口

以上就是源码分析Android LayoutInflater的使用的详细内容,更多关于Android LayoutInflater的资料请关注服务器之家其它相关文章!

原文链接:https://juejin.cn/post/7223200148863057980

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