效果图
最近帮朋友写个简单爬虫,顺便整理了下,搞成了一个带GUI界面的小说爬虫工具,用来从笔趣阁爬取小说。
开发完成后的界面
采集过程界面
采集后存储
主要功能
1.多线程采集,一个线程采集一本小说
2.支持使用代理,尤其是多线程采集时,不使用代理可能封ip
3.实时输出采集结果
使用 threading.BoundedSemaphore() pool_sema.acquire() pool_sema.release()
来限制线程数量,防止并发线程过。具体限制数量,可在软件界面输入,默认5个线程
# 所有线程任务开始前 pool_sema.threading.BoundedSemaphore(5) # 具体每个线程开始前 锁 pool_sema.acquire() .... # 线程任务执行结束释放 pol_sema.release()
用到的第三方模块
pip install requests pip install pysimplegui pip install lxml pip install pyinstaller
GUI 界面使用了一个tkinter 的封装库 PySimpleGUI
, 使用非常方便,虽然界面不够漂亮,但胜在简单,非常适合开发些小工具。https://pysimplegui.readthedocs.io/en/latest/比如这个界面的布局,只需简单几个 list
layout = [ [sg.Text("输入要爬取的小说网址,点此打开笔趣阁站点复制", font=("微软雅黑", 12), key="openwebsite", enable_events=True, tooltip="点击在浏览器中打开")], [sg.Text("小说目录页url,一行一个:")], [ sg.Multiline("", key="url", size=(120, 6), autoscroll=True, expand_x=True, right_click_menu=["&Right", ["粘贴"]] ) ], [sg.Text(visible=False, text_color="#ff0000", key="error")], [ sg.Button(button_text="开始采集", key="start", size=(20, 1)), sg.Button(button_text="打开下载目录", key="opendir", size=(20, 1), button_color="#999999") ], [sg.Text("填写ip代理,有密码格式 用户名:密码@ip:端口,无密码格式 ip:端口。如 demo:123456@123.1.2.8:8580")], [ sg.Input("", key="proxy"), sg.Text("线程数量:"), sg.Input("5", key="threadnum"), ], [ sg.Multiline("等待采集", key="res", disabled=True, border_width=0, background_color="#ffffff", size=( 120, 6), no_scrollbar=False, autoscroll=True, expand_x=True, expand_y=True, font=("宋体", 10), text_color="#999999") ], ]
打包为 exe 命令
pyinstaller -Fw start.py
全部源码
import time import requests import os import sys import re import random from lxml import etree import webbrowser import PySimpleGUI as sg import threading # user-agent header = { "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/97.0.4692.99 Safari/537.36" } # 代理 proxies = {} # 删除书名中特殊符号 # 笔趣阁基地址 baseurl = "https://www.xbiquwx.la/" # 线程数量 threadNum = 6 pool_sema = None THREAD_EVENT = "-THREAD-" cjstatus = False # txt存储目录 filePath = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(os.getcwd(), "txt")) if not os.path.exists(filePath): os.mkdir(filePath) # 删除特殊字符 def deletetag(text): return re.sub(r"[[]#/:*,;?""<>|()《》&^!~=%{}@!:。·!¥……() ]","",text) # 入口 def main(): global cjstatus, proxies, threadNum, pool_sema sg.theme("reddit") layout = [ [sg.Text("输入要爬取的小说网址,点此打开笔趣阁站点复制", font=("微软雅黑", 12), key="openwebsite", enable_events=True, tooltip="点击在浏览器中打开")], [sg.Text("小说目录页url,一行一个:")], [ sg.Multiline("", key="url", size=(120, 6), autoscroll=True, expand_x=True, right_click_menu=["&Right", ["粘贴"]] ) ], [sg.Text(visible=False, text_color="#ff0000", key="error")], [ sg.Button(button_text="开始采集", key="start", size=(20, 1)), sg.Button(button_text="打开下载目录", key="opendir", size=(20, 1), button_color="#999999") ], [sg.Text("填写ip代理,有密码格式 用户名:密码@ip:端口,无密码格式 ip:端口。如 demo:123456@123.1.2.8:8580")], [ sg.Input("", key="proxy"), sg.Text("线程数量:"), sg.Input("5", key="threadnum"), ], [ sg.Multiline("等待采集", key="res", disabled=True, border_width=0, background_color="#ffffff", size=( 120, 6), no_scrollbar=False, autoscroll=True, expand_x=True, expand_y=True, font=("宋体", 10), text_color="#999999") ], ] window = sg.Window("采集笔趣阁小说", layout, size=(800, 500), resizable=True,) while True: event, values = window.read() if event == sg.WIN_CLOSED or event == "close": # if user closes window or clicks cancel break if event == "openwebsite": webbrowser.open("%s" % baseurl) elif event == "opendir": os.system("start explorer " + filePath) elif event == "start": if cjstatus: cjstatus = False window["start"].update("已停止...点击重新开始") continue window["error"].update("", visible=False) urls = values["url"].strip().split(" ") lenth = len(urls) for k, url in enumerate(urls): if (not re.match(r"%sd+_d+/" % baseurl, url.strip())): if len(url.strip()) > 0: window["error"].update("地址错误:%s" % url, visible=True) del urls[k] if len(urls) < 1: window["error"].update( "每行地址需符合 %s84_84370/ 形式" % baseurlr, visible=True) continue # 代理 if len(values["proxy"]) > 8: proxies = { "http": "http://%s" % values["proxy"], "https": "http://%s" % values["proxy"] } # 线程数量 if values["threadnum"] and int(values["threadnum"]) > 0: threadNum = int(values["threadnum"]) pool_sema = threading.BoundedSemaphore(threadNum) cjstatus = True window["start"].update("采集中...点击停止") window["res"].update("开始采集") for url in urls: threading.Thread(target=downloadbybook, args=( url.strip(), window,), daemon=True).start() elif event == "粘贴": window["url"].update(sg.clipboard_get()) print("event", event) if event == THREAD_EVENT: strtext = values[THREAD_EVENT][1] window["res"].update(window["res"].get()+" "+strtext) cjstatus = False window.close() #下载 def downloadbybook(page_url, window): try: bookpage = requests.get(url=page_url, headers=header, proxies=proxies) except Exception as e: window.write_event_value( "-THREAD-", (threading.current_thread().name, " 请求 %s 错误,原因:%s" % (page_url, e))) return if not cjstatus: return # 锁线程 pool_sema.acquire() if bookpage.status_code != 200: window.write_event_value( "-THREAD-", (threading.current_thread().name, " 请求%s错误,原因:%s" % (page_url, page.reason))) return bookpage.encoding = "utf-8" page_tree = etree.HTML(bookpage.text) bookname = page_tree.xpath("//div[@id="info"]/h1/text()")[0] bookfilename = filePath + "/" + deletetag(bookname)+".txt" zj_list = page_tree.xpath( "//div[@class="box_con"]/div[@id="list"]/dl/dd") for _ in zj_list: if not cjstatus: break zjurl = page_url + _.xpath("./a/@href")[0] zjname = _.xpath("./a/@title")[0] try: zjpage = requests.get( zjurl, headers=header, proxies=proxies) except Exception as e: window.write_event_value("-THREAD-", (threading.current_thread( ).name, " 请求%s:%s错误,原因:%s" % (zjname, zjurl, zjpage.reason))) continue if zjpage.status_code != 200: window.write_event_value("-THREAD-", (threading.current_thread( ).name, " 请求%s:%s错误,原因:%s" % (zjname, zjurl, zjpage.reason))) return zjpage.encoding = "utf-8" zjpage_content = etree.HTML(zjpage.text).xpath("//div[@id="content"]/text()") content = " 【"+zjname+"】 " for _ in zjpage_content: content += _.strip() + " " with open(bookfilename, "a+", encoding="utf-8") as fs: fs.write(content) window.write_event_value( "-THREAD-", (threading.current_thread().name, " %s:%s 采集成功" % (bookname, zjname))) time.sleep(random.uniform(0.05, 0.2)) # 下载完毕 window.write_event_value("-THREAD-", (threading.current_thread( ).name, " 请求 %s 结束" % page_url)) pool_sema.release() if __name__ == "__main__": main()
以上就是基于Python3制作一个带GUI界面的小说爬虫工具的详细内容,更多关于Python3小说爬虫工具的资料请关注服务器之家其它相关文章!
原文链接:https://juejin.cn/post/7061603255616274462