一、安装
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pip install requests |
二、请求类型
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import requestsrequests.get('https://www.baidu.com')requests.post('https://www.baidu.com')requests.put('https://www.baidu.com')requests.delete('https://www.baidu.com')requests.head('https://www.baidu.com')requests.options('https://www.baidu.com') |
三、带参数请求
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import requestsdata = {'name': 'autofelix','age': 25}response = requests.get('https://www.baidu.com', params=data)print(response.url)print(response.text) |
四、自定义headers
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import requestsheaders = {'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'}response =requests.get('https://www.baidu.com', headers=headers)print(response.text) |
五、请求属性
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import requestsresponse = requests.get('https://www.baidu.com')# 响应状态码response.status_code# 响应头response.headers# 响应cookieresponse.cookies# 请求urlresponse.url# 历史记录response.history |
六、文件上传
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import requestsfiles= {"files":open("git.jpeg","rb")}response = requests.post('https://www.baidu.com/upload', files=files) |
七、会话维持
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import requestss = requests.Session()s.get('https://www.baidu.com/login')response = s.get('https://www.baidu.com') |
八、证书验证
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verify设置False关闭证书验证 -
urllib3可以解决
InsecureRequestWarning提示
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import requestsfrom requests.packages import urllib3urllib3.disable_warnings()response = requests.get('https://www.12306.cn', verify=False) |
九、代理设置
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import requestsproxies= {'http': 'http://127.0.0.1:9999','https': 'http://127.0.0.1:8888'}response = requests.get('https://www.baidu.com', proxies=proxies) |
十、超时设置
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import requestsrequests.get('https://www.baidu.com', timeout=3) |
十一、认证设置
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import requestsresponse = requests.get('https://www.baidu.com', auth=('user', '123')) |
十二、异常处理
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ReadTimeout是超时错误 -
ConnectionError是网络错误
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import requestsfrom requests.exceptions import ReadTimeout,ConnectionError,RequestExceptiontry:response = requests.get('https://www.baidu.com', timout=0.1)print(response.status_code)except ReadTimeout:print('timeout')except ConnectionError:print('connection Error')except RequestException:print('error') |
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原文链接：https://blog.51cto.com/autofelix/5152306
