首先如果柱状图中有中文，比如X轴和Y轴标签需要写中文，解决中文无法识别和乱码的情况，加下面这行代码就可以解决了：
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plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei'] # 解决中文乱码 |
以下总共展示了三种画不同需求的柱状图：
画多组两个并列的柱状图：
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import matplotlibimport matplotlib.pyplot as pltimport numpy as npplt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei']labels = ['G1', 'G2', 'G3', 'G4', 'G5']men_means = [20, 34, 30, 35, 27]women_means = [25, 32, 34, 20, 25]x = np.arange(len(labels)) # the label locationswidth = 0.35 # the width of the barsfig, ax = plt.subplots()rects1 = ax.bar(x - width/2, men_means, width, label='Men')rects2 = ax.bar(x + width/2, women_means, width, label='Women')# Add some text for labels, title and custom x-axis tick labels, etc.ax.set_ylabel('Scores')ax.set_title('Scores by group and gender')ax.set_xticks(x)ax.set_xticklabels(labels)ax.legend()def autolabel(rects): """Attach a text label above each bar in *rects*, displaying its height.""" for rect in rects: height = rect.get_height() ax.annotate('{}'.format(height), xy=(rect.get_x() + rect.get_width() / 2, height), xytext=(0, 3), # 3 points vertical offset textcoords="offset points", ha='center', va='bottom')autolabel(rects1)autolabel(rects2)fig.tight_layout()plt.show() |
绘制好的柱状图如下：
画两组5个并列的柱状图：
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import matplotlibimport matplotlib.pyplot as pltimport numpy as npplt.rcParams['font.sans-serif']=['SimHei'] # 解决中文乱码labels = ['第一项', '第二项']a = [4.0, 3.8]b = [26.9, 48.1]c = [55.6, 63.0]d = [59.3, 81.5]e = [89, 90] x = np.arange(len(labels)) # 标签位置width = 0.1 # 柱状图的宽度，可以根据自己的需求和审美来改fig, ax = plt.subplots()rects1 = ax.bar(x - width*2, a, width, label='a')rects2 = ax.bar(x - width+0.01, b, width, label='b')rects3 = ax.bar(x + 0.02, c, width, label='c')rects4 = ax.bar(x + width+ 0.03, d, width, label='d')rects5 = ax.bar(x + width*2 + 0.04, e, width, label='e')# 为y轴、标题和x轴等添加一些文本。ax.set_ylabel('Y轴', fontsize=16)ax.set_xlabel('X轴', fontsize=16)ax.set_title('这里是标题')ax.set_xticks(x)ax.set_xticklabels(labels)ax.legend()def autolabel(rects): """在*rects*中的每个柱状条上方附加一个文本标签，显示其高度""" for rect in rects: height = rect.get_height() ax.annotate('{}'.format(height), xy=(rect.get_x() + rect.get_width() / 2, height), xytext=(0, 3), # 3点垂直偏移 textcoords="offset points", ha='center', va='bottom')autolabel(rects1)autolabel(rects2)autolabel(rects3)autolabel(rects4)autolabel(rects5)fig.tight_layout()plt.show() |
绘制好的柱状图如下：
3. 要将柱状图的样式画成适合论文中使用的黑白并且带花纹的样式：
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import matplotlib.pyplot as pltimport numpy as npplt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei'] # 解决中文乱码labels = ['第一项', '第二项']a = [50, 80]b = [37, 69]c = [78, 60]d = [66, 86]e = [80, 95]# marks = ["o", "X", "+", "*", "O"]x = np.arange(len(labels)) # 标签位置width = 0.1 # 柱状图的宽度fig, ax = plt.subplots()rects1 = ax.bar(x - width * 2, a, width, label='a', hatch="...", color='w', edgecolor="k")rects2 = ax.bar(x - width + 0.01, b, width, label='b', hatch="oo", color='w', edgecolor="k")rects3 = ax.bar(x + 0.02, c, width, label='c', hatch="++", color='w', edgecolor="k")rects4 = ax.bar(x + width + 0.03, d, width, label='d', hatch="XX", color='w', edgecolor="k")rects5 = ax.bar(x + width * 2 + 0.04, e, width, label='e', hatch="**", color='w', edgecolor="k")# 为y轴、标题和x轴等添加一些文本。ax.set_ylabel('Y', fontsize=16)ax.set_xlabel('X', fontsize=16)ax.set_title('标题')ax.set_xticks(x)ax.set_xticklabels(labels)ax.legend() |
以上
总结
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原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_44293949/article/details/114590319
