一、简介
Paramiko模块是基于Python实现的SSH远程安全连接,用于SSH远程执行命令、文件传输等功能。
安装模块
默认Python没有自带,需要手动安装:
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pip3 install paramiko |
二、上传文件
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#!/usr/bin/env python3 # coding: utf-8 import paramiko def sftp_upload_file(host,user,password,server_path, local_path,timeout = 10 ): """ 上传文件,注意:不支持文件夹 :param host: 主机名 :param user: 用户名 :param password: 密码 :param server_path: 远程路径,比如:/home/sdn/tmp.txt :param local_path: 本地路径,比如:D:/text.txt :param timeout: 超时时间(默认),必须是int类型 :return: bool """ try : t = paramiko.Transport((host, 22 )) t.banner_timeout = timeout t.connect(username = user, password = password) sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(t) sftp.put(local_path, server_path) t.close() return True except Exception as e: print (e) return False |
测试一下上传,完整代码如下:
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#!/usr/bin/env python3 # coding: utf-8 import paramiko def sftp_upload_file(host, user, password, server_path, local_path, timeout = 10 ): """ 上传文件,注意:不支持文件夹 :param host: 主机名 :param user: 用户名 :param password: 密码 :param server_path: 远程路径,比如:/home/sdn/tmp.txt :param local_path: 本地路径,比如:D:/text.txt :param timeout: 超时时间(默认),必须是int类型 :return: bool """ try : t = paramiko.Transport((host, 22 )) t.banner_timeout = timeout t.connect(username = user, password = password) sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(t) sftp.put(local_path, server_path) t.close() return True except Exception as e: print (e) return False if __name__ = = '__main__' : host = '192.168.10.1' user = 'xiao' password = 'xiao@1234' server_path = '/tmp/tmp.txt' local_path = 'D:/text.txt' res = sftp_upload_file(host, user, password, server_path, local_path) if not res: print ( "上传文件: %s 失败" % local_path) else : print ( "上传文件: %s 成功" % local_path) |
执行输出:
上传文件: D:/text.txt 成功
三、下载文件
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def sftp_down_file(host,user,password,server_path, local_path,timeout = 10 ): """ 下载文件,注意:不支持文件夹 :param host: 主机名 :param user: 用户名 :param password: 密码 :param server_path: 远程路径,比如:/home/sdn/tmp.txt :param local_path: 本地路径,比如:D:/text.txt :param timeout: 超时时间(默认),必须是int类型 :return: bool """ try : t = paramiko.Transport((host, 22 )) t.banner_timeout = timeout t.connect(username = user,password = password) sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(t) sftp.get(server_path, local_path) t.close() return True except Exception as e: print (e) return False |
测试一下,下载文件功能,完整代码如下:
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#!/usr/bin/env python3 # coding: utf-8 import paramiko def sftp_down_file(host,user,password,server_path, local_path,timeout = 10 ): """ 下载文件,注意:不支持文件夹 :param host: 主机名 :param user: 用户名 :param password: 密码 :param server_path: 远程路径,比如:/home/sdn/tmp.txt :param local_path: 本地路径,比如:D:/text.txt :param timeout: 超时时间(默认),必须是int类型 :return: bool """ try : t = paramiko.Transport((host, 22 )) t.banner_timeout = timeout t.connect(username = user,password = password) sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(t) sftp.get(server_path, local_path) t.close() return True except Exception as e: print (e) return False if __name__ = = '__main__' : host = '192.168.10.1' user = 'xiao' password = 'xiao@1234' server_path = '/tmp/tmp.txt' local_path = 'D:/text.txt' res = sftp_down_file(host, user, password, server_path, local_path) if not res: print ( "下载文件: %s 失败" % server_path) else : print ( "下载文件: %s 成功" % server_path) |
执行输出:
下载文件: /tmp/tmp.txt 成功
四、远程执行命令
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def ssh_exec_command(host,user,password, cmd,timeout = 10 ): """ 使用ssh连接远程服务器执行命令 :param host: 主机名 :param user: 用户名 :param password: 密码 :param cmd: 执行的命令 :param seconds: 超时时间(默认),必须是int类型 :return: dict """ result = { 'status' : 1 , 'data' : None } # 返回结果 try : ssh = paramiko.SSHClient() # 创建一个新的SSHClient实例 ssh.banner_timeout = timeout # 设置host key,如果在"known_hosts"中没有保存相关的信息, SSHClient 默认行为是拒绝连接, 会提示yes/no ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy()) ssh.connect(host, 22 , user, password, timeout = timeout) # 连接远程服务器,超时时间1秒 stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command(cmd,get_pty = True ,timeout = timeout) # 执行命令 out = stdout.readlines() # 执行结果,readlines会返回列表 # 执行状态,0表示成功,1表示失败 channel = stdout.channel status = channel.recv_exit_status() ssh.close() # 关闭ssh连接 # 修改返回结果 result[ 'status' ] = status result[ 'data' ] = out return result except Exception as e: print (e) print ( "错误, 登录服务器或者执行命令超时!!! ip: {} 命令: {}" . format (ip,cmd)) return False |
测试一下,远程执行命令功能,完整代码如下:
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#!/usr/bin/env python3 # coding: utf-8 import paramiko def ssh_exec_command(host,user,password, cmd,timeout = 10 ): """ 使用ssh连接远程服务器执行命令 :param host: 主机名 :param user: 用户名 :param password: 密码 :param cmd: 执行的命令 :param seconds: 超时时间(默认),必须是int类型 :return: dict """ result = { 'status' : 1 , 'data' : None } # 返回结果 try : ssh = paramiko.SSHClient() # 创建一个新的SSHClient实例 ssh.banner_timeout = timeout # 设置host key,如果在"known_hosts"中没有保存相关的信息, SSHClient 默认行为是拒绝连接, 会提示yes/no ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy()) ssh.connect(host, 22 , user, password, timeout = timeout) # 连接远程服务器,超时时间1秒 stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command(cmd,get_pty = True ,timeout = timeout) # 执行命令 out = stdout.readlines() # 执行结果,readlines会返回列表 # 执行状态,0表示成功,1表示失败 channel = stdout.channel status = channel.recv_exit_status() ssh.close() # 关闭ssh连接 # 修改返回结果 result[ 'status' ] = status result[ 'data' ] = out return result except Exception as e: print (e) print ( "错误, 登录服务器或者执行命令超时!!! ip: {} 命令: {}" . format (ip,cmd)) return False if __name__ = = '__main__' : host = '192.168.10.1' user = 'xiao' password = 'xiao@1234' cmd = "cat /etc/issue | awk '{print $1,$2,$3}'" res = ssh_exec_command(host, user, password, cmd) # print(res) if not res or not res[ 'data' ] or res[ 'status' ] ! = 0 : print ( "错误, ip: {} 执行命令: {} 失败" . format (host, cmd), "red" ) exit() value = res[ 'data' ][ 0 ].strip() # 获取实际值 print ( "操作系统为: %s" % value) |
执行输出:
操作系统为: Ubuntu 16.04.2 LTS
五、错误集锦
1. EllipticCurvePublicKey.public_bytes
Please use EllipticCurvePublicKey.public_bytes to obtain both compressed and uncompressed point encoding.
原因
paramiko 2.4.2 依赖 cryptography,而最新的cryptography==2.5里有一些弃用的API。
解决
删掉cryptography,安装2.4.2,就不会报错了。
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pip uninstall cryptography pip install cryptography = = 2.4 . 2 |
本文参考链接:http://www.tuohang.net/article/236674.html
2. Error reading SSH protocol banner
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/python3/lib/python3.5/site-packages/paramiko/transport.py", line 1966, in run
self._check_banner()
File "/python3/lib/python3.5/site-packages/paramiko/transport.py", line 2143, in _check_banner
"Error reading SSH protocol banner" + str(e)
paramiko.ssh_exception.SSHException: Error reading SSH protocol banner
Error reading SSH protocol banner
要解决这个问题, 需要将paramiko的响应等待时间调长。 修改paramiko/transport.py文件中的
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self .banner_timeout |
值, 将其设为300或者其他较长的值即可解决这个问题。
以上就是Python Paramiko上传下载sftp文件及远程执行命令示例的详细内容,更多关于Python Paramiko上传下载sftp的资料请关注服务器之家其它相关文章!
原文链接:https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/article/1592375