Django在视图中使用表单并和数据库进行数据交互的实现

目录

• 写在前面
• 目结构及代码
  • 项目结构
  • 路由设置
  • 数据库配置
  • 定义模型
  • 定义表单
  • 修改模板
  • 视图函数
• 记录感受

# MyDjango/urls.py
"""MyDjango URL Configuration

The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see:
    https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.0/topics/http/urls/
Examples:
Function views
    1. Add an import:  from my_app import views
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path("", views.home, name="home")
Class-based views
    1. Add an import:  from other_app.views import Home
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path("", Home.as_view(), name="home")
Including another URLconf
    1. Import the include() function: from django.urls import include, path
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path("blog/", include("blog.urls"))
"""
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path, include

urlpatterns = [
    path("admin/", admin.site.urls),
    path("", include(("index.urls", "index"), namespace="index"))
]


# index/urls.py
#!/usr/bin/env python
#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# author:HP
# datetime:2021/6/15 15:35
from django.urls import path, re_path
from .views import *
urlpatterns = [
    path("", index, name="index"),
]

"""
Django settings for MyDjango project.

Generated by "django-admin startproject" using Django 3.0.8.

For more information on this file, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.0/topics/settings/

For the full list of settings and their values, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.0/ref/settings/
"""

import os

# Build paths inside the project like this: os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ...)
BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))


# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.0/howto/deployment/checklist/

# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
SECRET_KEY = "6##c(097i%=eyr-uy!&m7yk)+ar+_ayjghl(p#&(xb%$u6*32s"

# SECURITY WARNING: don"t run with debug turned on in production!
DEBUG = True

ALLOWED_HOSTS = []


# Application definition

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    "django.contrib.admin",
    "django.contrib.auth",
    "django.contrib.contenttypes",
    "django.contrib.sessions",
    "django.contrib.messages",
    "django.contrib.staticfiles",
    # add a new app index
    "index",
    "mydefined"
]

MIDDLEWARE = [
    "django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware",
    "django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware",
    "django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware",
    "django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware",
    "django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware",
    "django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware",
    "django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware",
]

ROOT_URLCONF = "MyDjango.urls"

TEMPLATES = [
    {
        "BACKEND": "django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates",
        "DIRS": [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "templates")]
        ,
        "APP_DIRS": True,
        "OPTIONS": {
            "context_processors": [
                "django.template.context_processors.debug",
                "django.template.context_processors.request",
                "django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth",
                "django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages",
            ],
        },
    },

]
"""
    {
        "BACKEND": "django.template.backends.jinja2.Jinja2",
        "DIRS": [
            os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "templates"),
        ],
        "APP_DIRS": True,
        "OPTIONS": {
            "environment": "MyDjango.jinja2.environment"
        },
    },
    """

WSGI_APPLICATION = "MyDjango.wsgi.application"


# Database
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.0/ref/settings/#databases

DATABASES = {
    "default": {
        "ENGINE": "django.db.backends.sqlite3",
        "NAME": os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "db.sqlite3"),
    }
}


# Password validation
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.0/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators

AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
    {
        "NAME": "django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator",
    },
    {
        "NAME": "django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator",
    },
    {
        "NAME": "django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator",
    },
    {
        "NAME": "django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator",
    },
]


# Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.0/topics/i18n/

LANGUAGE_CODE = "en-us"

TIME_ZONE = "UTC"

USE_I18N = True

USE_L10N = True

USE_TZ = True


# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.0/howto/static-files/

STATIC_URL = "/static/"

STATICFILES_DIRS = [
    os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "static")
]

from django.db import models


class PersonInfo(models.Model):
    id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    name = models.CharField(max_length=20)
    age = models.IntegerField()
    # hireDate = models.DateField()

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = "人员信息"


class Vocation(models.Model):
    id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    job = models.CharField(max_length=20)
    payment = models.IntegerField(null=True, blank=True)
    person = models.ForeignKey(PersonInfo, on_delete=models.CASCADE)

    def __str__(self):
        return str(self.id)

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = "职业信息"

python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate

#!/usr/bin/env python
#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# author:HP
# datetime:2021/6/24 14:55

from django import forms
from .models import *
from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError


def payment_validate(value):
    if value > 30000:
        raise ValidationError("请输入合理的薪资")


class VocationForm(forms.Form):
    job = forms.CharField(max_length=20, label="职位")
                            widget=forms.widgets.TextInput(attrs={"class": "cl"}),
                            error_messages={"required": "职称不能为空"})
    payment = forms.IntegerField(label="薪资",
                                 validators=[payment_validate])

    value = PersonInfo.objects.values("name")
    choices = [(i+1, v["name"]) for i, v in enumerate(value)]
    person = forms.ChoiceField(choices=choices, label="姓名")

    def clean_title(self):
        data = self.cleaned_data["title"]
        return "初级" + data

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
{% if v.errors %}
    <p>
        数据出错了，错误信息：{{ v.errors }}
    </p>
{% else %}
    <form action="" method="post">
        {% csrf_token %}
        <table>
            {{ v.as_table }}
        </table>
        <input type="submit" value="submit">
    </form>
{% endif %}
</body>
</html>

from django.shortcuts import render
from django.http import HttpResponse
from index.form import VocationForm
from .models import *


def index(request):
    # GET请求
    if request.method == "GET":
        id = request.GET.get("id", "")
        if id:
            d = Vocation.objects.filter(id=id).values()
            d = list(d)[0]
            d["person"] = d["person_id"]
            i = dict(initial=d, label_suffix="*", prefix="vv")
            # 将参数i传入表单VocationForm执行实例化
            v = VocationForm(**i)
        else:
            v = VocationForm(prefix="vv")
        return render(request, "index.html", locals())
    # POST请求
    else:
        # 由于在GET请求设置了参数prefix
        # 实例化时必须设置参数prefix，否则无法获取POST的数据
        v = VocationForm(data=request.POST, prefix="vv")
        if v.is_valid():
            # 获取网页控件name的数据
            # 方法一
            # 方法二
            # cleaned_data将控件name的数据进行清洗
            ctitle = v.cleaned_data["title"]
            print(ctitle)
            # 将数据更新到模型Vocation
            id = request.GET.get("id", "")
            d = v.cleaned_data
            d["person_id"] = int(d["person"])
            Vocation.objects.filter(id=id).update(**d)
            return HttpResponse("提交成功")
        else:
            # 获取错误信息，并以json格式输出
            error_msg = v.errors.as_json()
            print(error_msg)
            return render(request, "index.html", locals())