模板引擎
springboot我们目前是以jar包的形式打包,实际上我们之前是打成war包,放到tomcat服务器里面,可以用JSP。
但是jar包就导致不能用JSP,换一种方式就是springboot推荐的Thymeleaf模板引擎(JSP也是一种模板引擎,除此之外还有什么framework也是一种模板引擎),
什么是模板引擎?
模板引擎就是解决我们需要动态赋值给前端的一种解决方案
(模板引擎的作用就是我们来写一个页面模板,比如有些值呢,是动态的,我们写一些表达式。而这些值,从哪来呢,就是我们在后台封装一些数据。然后把这个模板和这个数据交给我们模板引擎,模板引擎按照我们这个数据帮你把这表达式解析、填充到我们指定的位置,然后把这个数据最终生成一个我们想要的内容给我们写出去,这就是我们这个模板引擎,不管是jsp还是其他模板引擎,都是这个思想。只不过呢,就是说不同模板引擎之间,他们可能这个语法有点不一样。其他的我就不介绍了,我主要来介绍一下SpringBoot给我们推荐的Thymeleaf模板引擎,这模板引擎呢,是一个高级语言的模板引擎,他的这个语法更简单。而且呢,功能更强大。)
模板引擎的原理
引入Thymeleaf
引入就是导入依赖,以下是网址是相关的地址
Thymeleaf 官网:https://www.thymeleaf.org/
Thymeleaf 在Github 的主页:https://github.com/thymeleaf/thymeleaf
Spring官方文档:找到我们对应的版本
https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/2.2.5.RELEASE/reference/htmlsingle/#using-boot-starter
找到对应的pom依赖:可以适当点进源码看下本来的包!
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<!--thymeleaf--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId> </dependency> |
Thymeleaf分析
Thymeleaf的引入依赖文件ThymeleafProperties,文件内容如下:
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// IntelliJ API Decompiler stub source generated from a class file // Implementation of methods is not available package org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.thymeleaf; @org .springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.thymeleaf" ) public class ThymeleafProperties { private static final java.nio.charset.Charset DEFAULT_ENCODING; public static final java.lang.String DEFAULT_PREFIX = "classpath:/templates/" ; public static final java.lang.String DEFAULT_SUFFIX = ".html" ; private boolean checkTemplate; private boolean checkTemplateLocation; private java.lang.String prefix; private java.lang.String suffix; private java.lang.String mode; private java.nio.charset.Charset encoding; private boolean cache; private java.lang.Integer templateResolverOrder; private java.lang.String[] viewNames; private java.lang.String[] excludedViewNames; private boolean enableSpringElCompiler; private boolean renderHiddenMarkersBeforeCheckboxes; private boolean enabled; private final org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.thymeleaf.ThymeleafProperties.Servlet servlet; private final org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.thymeleaf.ThymeleafProperties.Reactive reactive; public ThymeleafProperties() { /* compiled code */ } public boolean isEnabled() { /* compiled code */ } public void setEnabled( boolean enabled) { /* compiled code */ } public boolean isCheckTemplate() { /* compiled code */ } public void setCheckTemplate( boolean checkTemplate) { /* compiled code */ } public boolean isCheckTemplateLocation() { /* compiled code */ } public void setCheckTemplateLocation( boolean checkTemplateLocation) { /* compiled code */ } public java.lang.String getPrefix() { /* compiled code */ } public void setPrefix(java.lang.String prefix) { /* compiled code */ } public java.lang.String getSuffix() { /* compiled code */ } public void setSuffix(java.lang.String suffix) { /* compiled code */ } public java.lang.String getMode() { /* compiled code */ } public void setMode(java.lang.String mode) { /* compiled code */ } public java.nio.charset.Charset getEncoding() { /* compiled code */ } public void setEncoding(java.nio.charset.Charset encoding) { /* compiled code */ } public boolean isCache() { /* compiled code */ } public void setCache( boolean cache) { /* compiled code */ } public java.lang.Integer getTemplateResolverOrder() { /* compiled code */ } public void setTemplateResolverOrder(java.lang.Integer templateResolverOrder) { /* compiled code */ } public java.lang.String[] getExcludedViewNames() { /* compiled code */ } public void setExcludedViewNames(java.lang.String[] excludedViewNames) { /* compiled code */ } public java.lang.String[] getViewNames() { /* compiled code */ } public void setViewNames(java.lang.String[] viewNames) { /* compiled code */ } public boolean isEnableSpringElCompiler() { /* compiled code */ } public void setEnableSpringElCompiler( boolean enableSpringElCompiler) { /* compiled code */ } public boolean isRenderHiddenMarkersBeforeCheckboxes() { /* compiled code */ } public void setRenderHiddenMarkersBeforeCheckboxes( boolean renderHiddenMarkersBeforeCheckboxes) { /* compiled code */ } public org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.thymeleaf.ThymeleafProperties.Reactive getReactive() { /* compiled code */ } public org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.thymeleaf.ThymeleafProperties.Servlet getServlet() { /* compiled code */ } public static class Reactive { private org.springframework.util.unit.DataSize maxChunkSize; private java.util.List<org.springframework.http.MediaType> mediaTypes; private java.lang.String[] fullModeViewNames; private java.lang.String[] chunkedModeViewNames; public Reactive() { /* compiled code */ } public java.util.List<org.springframework.http.MediaType> getMediaTypes() { /* compiled code */ } public void setMediaTypes(java.util.List<org.springframework.http.MediaType> mediaTypes) { /* compiled code */ } public org.springframework.util.unit.DataSize getMaxChunkSize() { /* compiled code */ } public void setMaxChunkSize(org.springframework.util.unit.DataSize maxChunkSize) { /* compiled code */ } public java.lang.String[] getFullModeViewNames() { /* compiled code */ } public void setFullModeViewNames(java.lang.String[] fullModeViewNames) { /* compiled code */ } public java.lang.String[] getChunkedModeViewNames() { /* compiled code */ } public void setChunkedModeViewNames(java.lang.String[] chunkedModeViewNames) { /* compiled code */ } } public static class Servlet { private org.springframework.util.MimeType contentType; private boolean producePartialOutputWhileProcessing; public Servlet() { /* compiled code */ } public org.springframework.util.MimeType getContentType() { /* compiled code */ } public void setContentType(org.springframework.util.MimeType contentType) { /* compiled code */ } public boolean isProducePartialOutputWhileProcessing() { /* compiled code */ } public void setProducePartialOutputWhileProcessing( boolean producePartialOutputWhileProcessing) { /* compiled code */ } } |
我们可以在其中看到默认的前缀和后缀。
我们只需要把我们的html页面放在类路径下的templates下,thymeleaf就可以帮我们自动渲染了。
启动访问结果
Thymeleaf 语法学习
要学习语法,还是参考官网文档最为准确,我们找到对应的版本看一下;
Thymeleaf 官网:https://www.thymeleaf.org/ , 简单看一下官网!我们去下载Thymeleaf的官方文档!
做一个最简单的向页面传值操作
(1)写一个页面,一个msg来作为传值
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<!DOCTYPE html> < html lang = "en" xmlns:th = "http://www.thymeleaf.org" > < head > < meta charset = "UTF-8" > < title >ZP</ title > </ head > < body > < h1 >测试页面</ h1 > <!--th:text就是将div中的内容设置为它指定的值,和之前学习的Vue一样--> < div th:text = "${msg}" ></ div > </ body > </ html > |
代码
注意这里return的字符串要和上面的templates下面的html文件名字相同。
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package com.example.zpspringboot3.controller; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.ui.Model; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; /** * @Author: zhangpeng * @Date: 2022/2/21 16:02 */ @Controller public class TestController { // @RequestMapping("/t1") // public String test1(){ // //classpath:/templates/test.html // return "text"; // } @RequestMapping ( "/t1" ) public String test1(Model model){ //存入数据 model.addAttribute( "msg" , "Hello,Thymeleaf" ); //classpath:/templates/test.html return "text2" ; } } |
测试
通过thymeleaf官网文档学习一些语法:
1、我们可以使用任意的 th:attr 来替换Html中原生属性的值!
2、我们能写哪些表达式呢?
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Simple expressions:(表达式语法) Variable Expressions: ${...}:获取变量值;OGNL; 1 )、获取对象的属性、调用方法 2 )、使用内置的基本对象:# 18 #ctx : the context object. #vars: the context variables. #locale : the context locale. #request : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpServletRequest object. #response : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpServletResponse object. #session : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpSession object. #servletContext : (only in Web Contexts) the ServletContext object. 3 )、内置的一些工具对象: #execInfo : information about the template being processed. #uris : methods for escaping parts of URLs/URIs #conversions : methods for executing the configured conversion service ( if any). #dates : methods for java.util.Date objects: formatting, component extraction, etc. #calendars : analogous to #dates , but for java.util.Calendar objects. #numbers : methods for formatting numeric objects. #strings : methods for String objects: contains, startsWith, prepending/appending, etc. #objects : methods for objects in general. #bools : methods for boolean evaluation. #arrays : methods for arrays. #lists : methods for lists. #sets : methods for sets. #maps : methods for maps. #aggregates : methods for creating aggregates on arrays or collections. ================================================================================== Selection Variable Expressions: *{...}:选择表达式:和${}在功能上是一样; Message Expressions: #{...}:获取国际化内容 Link URL Expressions: @{...}:定义URL; Fragment Expressions: ~{...}:片段引用表达式 Literals(字面量) Text literals: 'one text' , 'Another one!' ,… Number literals: 0 , 34 , 3.0 , 12.3 ,… Boolean literals: true , false Null literal: null Literal tokens: one , sometext , main ,… Text operations:(文本操作) String concatenation: + Literal substitutions: |The name is ${name}| Arithmetic operations:(数学运算) Binary operators: + , - , * , / , % Minus sign (unary operator): - Boolean operations:(布尔运算) Binary operators: and , or Boolean negation (unary operator): ! , not Comparisons and equality:(比较运算) Comparators: > , < , >= , <= ( gt , lt , ge , le ) Equality operators: == , != ( eq , ne ) Conditional operators:条件运算(三元运算符) If-then: ( if ) ? (then) If-then- else : ( if ) ? (then) : ( else ) Default: (value) ?: (defaultvalue) Special tokens: No-Operation: _ |
练习测试:
1、 我们编写一个Controller,放一些数据
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@RequestMapping ( "/t2" ) public String test2(Map<String,Object> map){ //存入数据 map.put( "msg" , "<h1>Hello</h1>" ); map.put( "users" , Arrays.asList( "zp" , "zhangpeng" )); //classpath:/templates/test.html return "text3" ; } |
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<!DOCTYPE html> < html lang = "en" xmlns:th = "http://www.thymeleaf.org" > < head > < meta charset = "UTF-8" > < title >狂神说</ title > </ head > < body > < h1 >测试页面</ h1 > < div th:text = "${msg}" ></ div > <!--不转义--> < div th:utext = "${msg}" ></ div > <!--遍历数据--> <!--th:each每次遍历都会生成当前这个标签:官网#9--> < h4 th:each = "user :${users}" th:text = "${user}" ></ h4 > < h4 > <!--行内写法:官网#12--> < span th:each = "user:${users}" >[[${user}]]</ span > </ h4 > </ body > </ html > |
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原文链接:https://blog.csdn.net/FeiChangWuRao/article/details/123048470