楔子
我们用 MySQL 客户端查询数据的时候，是以下面这种格式显示的：
内容展示的非常漂亮，而 Python 有一个第三方模块叫 prettytable，专门用来将数据以上面这种格式输出，我们来看一下用法。
添加表头、添加行、添加列
类似于数据库中的表，由表头（或者说字段名），以及每一行的内容组成。
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from prettytable import PrettyTable# 传入的 name、age、country 相当于表头tb = PrettyTable(["name", "age", "country"])# 调用 add_row 添加行记录tb.add_row(["Jack Morrison", 49, "America"])tb.add_row(["Shimada Genji", 35, "Japan"])tb.add_row(["Shimada Hanzo", 38, "Japan"])tb.add_row(["Angela Ziegler", 37, "Switzerland"])print(tb)"""+----------------+-----+-------------+| name | age | country |+----------------+-----+-------------+| Jack Morrison | 49 | America || Shimada Genji | 35 | Japan || Shimada Hanzo | 38 | Japan || Angela Ziegler | 37 | Switzerland |+----------------+-----+-------------+""" |
如果在编写的过程中，我们需要临时添加一列，prettytable 也是支持的。
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from prettytable import PrettyTabletb = PrettyTable(["name", "age", "country"])tb.add_row(["Jack Morrison", 49, "America"])tb.add_row(["Shimada Genji", 35, "Japan"])tb.add_row(["Shimada Hanzo", 38, "Japan"])tb.add_row(["Angela Ziegler", 37, "Switzerland"])# 调用 add_column 添加一列tb.add_column("gender", ["male", "male", "male", "female"])print(tb)"""+----------------+-----+-------------+--------+| name | age | country | gender |+----------------+-----+-------------+--------+| Jack Morrison | 49 | America | male || Shimada Genji | 35 | Japan | male || Shimada Hanzo | 38 | Japan | male || Angela Ziegler | 37 | Switzerland | female |+----------------+-----+-------------+--------+""" |
输出内容是不是和 MySQL数据库类似呢。
此外 prettytable 还支持从 csv、数据库、html 等数据源中导入数据，但说实话，从数据源读取数据我们一般使用 pandas，并且还会伴随着数据处理。而使用 prettytable 只是为了让程序中产生的信息，能够以结构化的形式打印，很少会从文件或数据库里面读数据。
输出指定行、指定列
我们也可以输出 table 的指定行、指定列。
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from prettytable import PrettyTabletb = PrettyTable(["name", "age", "country", "gender"])tb.add_row(["Jack Morrison", 49, "America", "male"])tb.add_row(["Shimada Genji", 35, "Japan", "male"])tb.add_row(["Shimada Hanzo", 38, "Japan", "male"])tb.add_row(["Angela Ziegler", 37, "Switzerland", "female"])# 只输出 name 和 age 两列# start 和 end 表示开始和结束的行数(从 0 开始)print(tb.get_string(fields=["name", "age"], start=1, end=3))"""+---------------+-----+| name | age |+---------------+-----+| Shimada Genji | 35 || Shimada Hanzo | 38 |+---------------+-----+"""# 此外可以用来进行排序print(tb.get_string(sortby="age", reversesort=True))"""+----------------+-----+-------------+--------+| name | age | country | gender |+----------------+-----+-------------+--------+| Jack Morrison | 49 | America | male || Shimada Hanzo | 38 | Japan | male || Angela Ziegler | 37 | Switzerland | female || Shimada Genji | 35 | Japan | male |+----------------+-----+-------------+--------+""" |
设置表格样式
表格也支持几种不同的样式，供我们选择。
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from prettytable import *tb = PrettyTable(["name", "age", "country", "gender"])tb.add_row(["Jack Morrison", 49, "America", "male"])tb.add_row(["Shimada Genji", 35, "Japan", "male"])tb.add_row(["Shimada Hanzo", 38, "Japan", "male"])tb.add_row(["Angela Ziegler", 37, "Switzerland", "female"])# 样式支持以下几种：# DEFAULT、MSWORD_FRIENDLY、PLAIN_COLUMNS、RANDOM# 之前的样式就是 DEFAULTtb.set_style(MSWORD_FRIENDLY)print(tb)"""| name | age | country | gender || Jack Morrison | 49 | America | male || Shimada Genji | 35 | Japan | male || Shimada Hanzo | 38 | Japan | male || Angela Ziegler | 37 | Switzerland | female |"""tb.set_style(PLAIN_COLUMNS)print(tb)""" name age country gender Jack Morrison 49 America male Shimada Genji 35 Japan male Shimada Hanzo 38 Japan male Angela Ziegler 37 Switzerland female """tb.set_style(RANDOM)print(tb)""";+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++;. name age country gender .;+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++;. Jack Morrison 49 America male .. Shimada Genji 35 Japan male .. Shimada Hanzo 38 Japan male .. Angela Ziegler 37 Switzerland female .;+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++;""" |
说实话，还是默认的 DEFAULT 样式最好看。
设置对齐方式
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from prettytable import *tb = PrettyTable(["name", "age", "country", "gender"])tb.add_row(["Jack Morrison", 49, "America", "male"])tb.add_row(["Shimada Genji", 35, "Japan", "male"])tb.add_row(["Shimada Hanzo", 38, "Japan", "male"])tb.add_row(["Angela Ziegler", 37, "Switzerland", "female"])# l 代表左对齐，c 代表居中，r 代表右对齐# 默认居中tb.align["name"] = "l"tb.align["age"] = "c"tb.align["country"] = "r"print(tb)"""+----------------+-----+-------------+--------+| name | age | country | gender |+----------------+-----+-------------+--------+| Jack Morrison | 49 | America | male || Shimada Genji | 35 | Japan | male || Shimada Hanzo | 38 | Japan | male || Angela Ziegler | 37 | Switzerland | female |+----------------+-----+-------------+--------+""" |
设置边框样式
在 PrettyTable 中，边框由三个部分组成：横边框，竖边框，和边框连接符，我们都可以修改。
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from prettytable import *tb = PrettyTable(["name", "age", "country", "gender"])tb.add_row(["Jack Morrison", 49, "America", "male"])tb.add_row(["Shimada Genji", 35, "Japan", "male"])tb.add_row(["Shimada Hanzo", 38, "Japan", "male"])tb.add_row(["Angela Ziegler", 37, "Switzerland", "female"])# 是否显示边框，默认为Truetb.border = True# 横边框tb.horizontal_char = '^'# 竖边框tb.vertical_char = '>'# 边框连接符tb.junction_char='~'print(tb)"""~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^~^^^^^~^^^^^^^^^^^^^~^^^^^^^^~> name > age > country > gender >~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^~^^^^^~^^^^^^^^^^^^^~^^^^^^^^~> Jack Morrison > 49 > America > male >> Shimada Genji > 35 > Japan > male >> Shimada Hanzo > 38 > Japan > male >> Angela Ziegler > 37 > Switzerland > female >~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^~^^^^^~^^^^^^^^^^^^^~^^^^^^^^~""" |
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原文链接：https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/lvLKh_8QE7XTW_PQ5ZA40w
