利用Python操作MongoDB数据库的详细指南

目录

• 前言
• 1 连接数据库
  • 1.1 安装PyMongo
  • 1.2 连接数据库
  • 1.3 连接库与集合
• 2 MongoDB命令在Python中的对应方法
• 3 插入数据到MongoDB
  • 基本语法
  • 被插入的数据格式
  • 说明
  • 举例
• 4 从MongoDB中查询数据
  • 查询一条数据
  • 查询集合中所有数据
  • 逻辑查询
  • 查询并对结果进行计数
  • 查询并对结果进行计数
  • 对字段去重
• 5 更新/删除MongoDB中的数据
  • 基本语法
  • 被更新的数据
  • 举例
• 6 MongoDB与Python不通用的操作
  • 6.1 空值
  • 6.2 布尔值
  • 6.3 排序参数
  • 6.4 查询_id
• 小结
• 总结

python3 -m pip install pymongo

python3 -m pip3 install pymongo==3.5.1

python3 -m pip3 install --upgrade pymongo

import pymongo
conn = pymongo.MongoClient()

import pymongo
conn = pymongo.MongoClient("mongodb://test:12345@45.10.110.77:27019")

import pymongo
conn = pymongo.MongoClient("mongodb://45.10.110.77:27019")

from pymongo import MongoClient
conn = MongoClient()
databae = conn.数据库名
collection = database.集合名

from pymongo import MongoClient
conn = MongoClient()
database = conn.chapter_1
collection = database.example_data_1

from pymongo import MongoClient
db_name = "chapter_1"
collection_name = "example_data_1"
conn = MongoClient()
database = conn[db_name]
collection = database[collection_name]

from pymongo import MongoClient
conn = MongoClient()
database = conn["chapter_1"]
collection = database["example_data_1"]

database_name_list = ["develop_env_alpha","develop_env_beta","develop_env_preflight"]
for each_db in database_name_list:
        database = conn[each_db]
    collection = database.account
    collection.updateMany(.....)

db.getCollection("example_data_1").insertMany([
     {"name": "赵小三","age":20,"address":"北京"},
   {"name": "钱小四","age":21,"address":"上海"},
   {"name": "孙小五","age":20,"address":"山东"},
   {"name": "李小六","age":23,"address":"河北"},
   {"name": "欧阳小七","age":24,"address":"杭州"}
 ])

from pymongo import MongoClient
conn = MongoClient()
database = conn.chapter_1
collection = database.example_data_2
collection.insert_many([
   {"name": "王小二","age":21,"student":True,"address":"广州"},
   {"name": "赵小三","age":20,"student":True,"address":"北京"},
   {"name": "钱小四","age":21,"student":True,"address":"上海"},
   {"name": "孙小五","age":20,"student":True,"address":"山东"},
   {"name": "李小六","age": None,"student":True,"address":"河北"},
   {"name": "欧阳小七","age":24,"student":False,"address":"杭州"},
   {"name": "公孙小八","age":25,"student":False,"address":"广州"}
 ])

collection.insert_one(字典)  # 插入一条数据
collection.insert_many(包含字典的列表)  # 批量插入多条数据

{"field_1": value_1, "field_2": value_2}
[
 {"field_1": value_1, "field_2": value_2},
 {"field_1": value_3, "field_2": value_4}
]

collection.insert_one({"name": "王小六", "age": 25, "work": "厨师"})

from pymongo import MongoClient
db_name = "chapter_1"
collection_name = "example_data_1"
conn = MongoClient()
database = conn[db_name]
collection = database[collection_name]
x=collection.find_one({})
print(x)

from pymongo import MongoClient
db_name = "chapter_1"
collection_name = "example_data_1"
conn = MongoClient()
database = conn[db_name]
collection = database[collection_name]
collection = database.example_data_2
rows = collection.find()
for row in rows:
    print(row)

collection.find({"字段名": {"基本符号": 边界值, "基本符号": 边界值}})

collection = database.example_data_2
rows = collection.find({"age":{"$lt":25,"$gt":21},
                        "name":{"$ne":"公孙小八"}})
for row in rows:
    print(row)

collection.find().count()

# 在Python中
collection.find().sort("字段名", 方向)
# 在Robo 3T的命令输入区域
collection.find().sort({"字段名": 方向})

# 对字段去重
handler.distinct("字段名")
# 先筛选再去重
handler.distinct("字段名", 查询条件)

# 更新一条数据
collection.update_one(查询条件, {"$set": 被更新的数据})
# 更新所有满足要求的数据
collection.update_many(查询条件, {"$set": 被更新的数据})

{"field_1": value_1, "field_2": value_2}

collection.update_many(
    {"name": "公孙小八"},
    {"$set": {"address": "英国","age":80}})

result = collection.update_one({"name":"隐身人"},
                               {"$set":{"name":"隐身人",
                                        "age": 0,
                                        "address":"里世界"}})
print(list(result))

result = collection.update_one({"name":"隐身人"},
                               {"$set":{"name":"隐身人",
                                        "age": 0,
                                        "address":"里世界"}},
                                upsert = True)
print(result)

# 删除第一个满足条件的数据
collection.delete_one(查询条件)
# 删除所有满足条件的数据
collection.delete_many(查询条件)

collection.delete_many({"age": 0})

db.getCollection("example_data_2").find({"age": null})

from bson import ObjectId
collection.find({"_id": ObjectId("5e8ac5dfdd9cf99b7a446e99")})