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Python实现RSA加密解密

2022-04-14 23:13浅若清风cyf Python

这篇文章主要介绍了Python实现RSA加密解密,加密技术在数据安全存储,数据传输中发挥着重要作用,能够保护用户隐私数据安全,防止信息窃取。RSA是一种非对称加密技术,在软件、网页中已得到广泛应用,下面文章更多相关内容

前言

  • 加密技术在数据安全存储,数据传输中发挥着重要作用,能够保护用户隐私数据安全,防止信息窃取。RSA是一种非对称加密技术,在软件、网页中已得到广泛应用。本文将介绍RSA加密解密在python中的实现。
  • 原则:公钥加密,私钥解密
  • 解释:具体过程的解释请见代码前的注释

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一、安装模块

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pip install pycryptodome

二、生成密钥对

  • 密钥对文件生成和读取
  • 代码:
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from Crypto.PublicKey import RSA
 
def create_rsa_pair(is_save=False):
    '''
    创建rsa公钥私钥对
    :param is_save: default:False
    :return: public_key, private_key
    '''
    f = RSA.generate(2048)
    private_key = f.exportKey("PEM"# 生成私钥
    public_key = f.publickey().exportKey()  # 生成公钥
    if is_save:
        with open("crypto_private_key.pem", "wb") as f:
            f.write(private_key)
        with open("crypto_public_key.pem", "wb") as f:
            f.write(public_key)
    return public_key, private_key
 
 
def read_public_key(file_path="crypto_public_key.pem") -> bytes:
    with open(file_path, "rb") as x:
        b = x.read()
        return b
 
 
def read_private_key(file_path="crypto_private_key.pem") -> bytes:
    with open(file_path, "rb") as x:
        b = x.read()
        return b

三、加密

  • 流程:输入文本(str)→字符串编码(默认utf-8)(bytes)→rsa加密(bytes)→base64编码(bytes)→解码为字符串(str)

代码:

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import base64
from Crypto.Cipher import PKCS1_v1_5
from Crypto.PublicKey import RSA
 
def encryption(text: str, public_key: bytes):
    # 字符串指定编码(转为bytes)
    text = text.encode('utf-8')
    # 构建公钥对象
    cipher_public = PKCS1_v1_5.new(RSA.importKey(public_key))
    # 加密(bytes)
    text_encrypted = cipher_public.encrypt(text)
    # base64编码,并转为字符串
    text_encrypted_base64 = base64.b64encode(text_encrypted ).decode()
    return text_encrypted_base64
    
if __name__ == '__main__':
    public_key = read_public_key()
    text = '123456'
    text_encrypted_base64 = encryption(text, public_key)
    print('密文:',text_encrypted_base64)

四、解密

  • 说明:解密流程与加密流程相反(按照加密流程逆序解密)
  • 流程:输入文本(str)→字符串编码(默认utf-8)(bytes)→base64解码(bytes)→rsa解密(bytes)→解码为字符串(str)
  • 代码:
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import base64
from Crypto.Cipher import PKCS1_v1_5
from Crypto import Random
from Crypto.PublicKey import RSA
 
def decryption(text_encrypted_base64: str, private_key: bytes):
    # 字符串指定编码(转为bytes)
    text_encrypted_base64 = text_encrypted_base64.encode('utf-8')
    # base64解码
    text_encrypted = base64.b64decode(text_encrypted_base64 )
    # 构建私钥对象
    cipher_private = PKCS1_v1_5.new(RSA.importKey(private_key))
    # 解密(bytes)
    text_decrypted = cipher_private.decrypt(text_encrypted , Random.new().read)
    # 解码为字符串
    text_decrypted = text_decrypted.decode()
    return text_decrypted
    
if __name__ == '__main__':
    # 生成密文
    public_key = read_public_key()
    text = '123456'
    text_encrypted_base64 = encryption(text, public_key)
    print('密文:',text_encrypted_base64)
    
    # 解密
    private_key = read_private_key()
    text_decrypted = decryption(text_encrypted_base64, private_key)
    print('明文:',text_decrypted)

五、完整代码

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import base64
from Crypto.Cipher import PKCS1_v1_5
from Crypto import Random
from Crypto.PublicKey import RSA
 
 
# ------------------------生成密钥对------------------------
def create_rsa_pair(is_save=False):
    '''
    创建rsa公钥私钥对
    :param is_save: default:False
    :return: public_key, private_key
    '''
    f = RSA.generate(2048)
    private_key = f.exportKey("PEM"# 生成私钥
    public_key = f.publickey().exportKey()  # 生成公钥
    if is_save:
        with open("crypto_private_key.pem", "wb") as f:
            f.write(private_key)
        with open("crypto_public_key.pem", "wb") as f:
            f.write(public_key)
    return public_key, private_key
 
 
def read_public_key(file_path="crypto_public_key.pem") -> bytes:
    with open(file_path, "rb") as x:
        b = x.read()
        return b
 
 
def read_private_key(file_path="crypto_private_key.pem") -> bytes:
    with open(file_path, "rb") as x:
        b = x.read()
        return b
 
 
# ------------------------加密------------------------
def encryption(text: str, public_key: bytes):
    # 字符串指定编码(转为bytes)
    text = text.encode('utf-8')
    # 构建公钥对象
    cipher_public = PKCS1_v1_5.new(RSA.importKey(public_key))
    # 加密(bytes)
    text_encrypted = cipher_public.encrypt(text)
    # base64编码,并转为字符串
    text_encrypted_base64 = base64.b64encode(text_encrypted).decode()
    return text_encrypted_base64
 
 
# ------------------------解密------------------------
def decryption(text_encrypted_base64: str, private_key: bytes):
    # 字符串指定编码(转为bytes)
    text_encrypted_base64 = text_encrypted_base64.encode('utf-8')
    # base64解码
    text_encrypted = base64.b64decode(text_encrypted_base64)
    # 构建私钥对象
    cipher_private = PKCS1_v1_5.new(RSA.importKey(private_key))
    # 解密(bytes)
    text_decrypted = cipher_private.decrypt(text_encrypted, Random.new().read)
    # 解码为字符串
    text_decrypted = text_decrypted.decode()
    return text_decrypted
 
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
    # 生成密钥对
    # create_rsa_pair(is_save=True)
    # public_key = read_public_key()
    # private_key = read_private_key()
    public_key, private_key = create_rsa_pair(is_save=False)
 
    # 加密
    text = '123456'
    text_encrypted_base64 = encryption(text, public_key)
    print('密文:', text_encrypted_base64)
 
    # 解密
    text_decrypted = decryption(text_encrypted_base64, private_key)
    print('明文:', text_decrypted)

运行:

Python实现RSA加密解密

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原文链接:https://juejin.cn/post/7083429856330907685

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