Hadoop部署的基础设施操作详解_服务器知识

官网导读

hadoop.apache.org/docs/r2.6.5…

支持最好的平台：GNU/Linux
依赖的软件：
- Java™ must be installed. Recommended Java versions are described at HadoopJavaVersions.Hadoop基于Java开发，Java的移动性好
- ssh must be installed and sshd must be running to use the Hadoop scripts that manage remote Hadoop daemons.
部署模式：
- Local (Standalone) Mode 单机模式，主要用于debug
- Pseudo-Distributed Mode 伪分布式，单节点多角色
- Fully-Distributed Mode 完全分布式，多节点多角色

基础设施

操作系统、环境、网络、必须软件

设置IP及主机名
关闭防火墙&selinux
设置hosts映射
时间同步
安装jdk
设置SSH免秘钥

设置IP及主机名

可以正常联网查看IP

				?

									[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig

									ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500

									        inet 192.168.0.118  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.0.255

									        inet6 fe80::3db1:f589:4820:5457  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>

									        ether 00:0c:29:18:10:17  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)

									        RX packets 462062  bytes 670399544 (639.3 MiB)

									        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0

									        TX packets 166351  bytes 11096211 (10.5 MiB)

									        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

									lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536

									        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0

									        inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10<host>

									        loop  txqueuelen 1000  (Local Loopback)

									        RX packets 84  bytes 13940 (13.6 KiB)

									        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0

									        TX packets 84  bytes 13940 (13.6 KiB)

									        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

									virbr0: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500

									        inet 192.168.122.1  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.122.255

									        ether 52:54:00:5a:69:e1  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)

									        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)

									        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0

									        TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)

									        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

									[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0

									// 配置

									DEVICE=eth0

									#HWADDR=00:0C:29:42:15:C2

									TYPE=Ethernet

									ONBOOT=yes

									NM_TROLLED=yes

									BOOTPROTO=static

									IPADDR=192.168.150.11

									NETMASK=255.255.255.0

									GATEWAY=192.168.150.2

									DNS1=223.5.5.5

									DNS2=114.114.114.114

修改配置文件设置主机名

				?

									[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/network

									// 设置主机名并保存退出

									HOSTNAME=node01

关闭防火墙&selinux

				?

									//关闭防火墙

									[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld

									//关闭开机启动防火墙

									[root@localhost ~]# systemctl disable firewalld.service

									Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.

									Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.

									[root@localhost ~]# 

									[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/selinux/config

									//将配置文件中的SELINUX设置为disabled

									SELINUX=disabled

设置hosts映射

增加映射关系，因为在现在搭建环境的时候，一般会做解耦，不会再软件配置文件中写ip地址，主要使用主机名，就和dns解析一样，避免ip改变时要修改很多配置文件

				?

									[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/hosts

									// 增加映射关系

									192.168.0.118 node01

									192.168.0.119 node02

时间同步

所有节点时间需同步一致，不然未来做心跳的时候会有问题

				?

									[root@localhost ~]# date

									Fri Dec 30 22:23:45 CST 2022

									// 安装ntp

									[root@localhost ~]# yum install ntp -y

									Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks

									Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile

									 * base: mirrors.163.com

									 * extras: mirrors.163.com

									 * updates: mirrors.163.com

									Package ntp-4.2.6p5-29.el7.centos.2.x86_64 already installed and latest version

									Nothing to do

									[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/ntp.conf

									// 增加配置

									server ntp1.aliyun.com

									// 启动ntpd

									[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start ntpd.service

									// 配置开机启动ntpd

									[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable ntpd.service

									Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/ntpd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/ntpd.service.

									[root@localhost ~]#

安装jdk

设置环境变量的时候要记得设置两次，一次在安装jdk的时候设置，一次在搭建Hadoop的时候设置

去官网下载jdk，最好是rpm包，然后上传到服务器节点中（使用jdk压缩包解压安装需要做很多其他的配置）

这里使用过windows下载，通过scp命令上传到118节点中

				?

									F:\workspace\demo>scp C:\Users\43866\Downloads\jdk-8u351-linux-x64.rpm root@192.168.0.118:/usr/jdk

									root@192.168.0.118's password: 

									jdk-8u351-linux-aarch64.rpm                                                                                           100%   59MB  70.1MB/s   00:00     

									F:\workspace\demo>

在118节点中使用命令安装jdk

				?

									[root@node01 jdk]# rpm -i jdk-8u351-linux-x64.rpm 

									warning: jdk-8u351-linux-x64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID ec551f03: NOKEY

									Unpacking JAR files...

									        tools.jar...

									        plugin.jar...

									        javaws.jar...

									        deploy.jar...

									        rt.jar...

									        jsse.jar...

									        charsets.jar...

									        localedata.jar...

									[root@node01 jdk]#

设置JAVA_HOME环境变量

				?

									[root@node01 default]# vi /etc/profile

									// 追加环境变量并保存文件

									export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/default

									export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin

设置SSH免秘钥

想要使用Hadoop脚本就必须设置ssh免密

1、检查是否已设置ssh免密

				?

									[root@node01 default]# ssh localhost

									The authenticity of host 'localhost (::1)' can't be established.

									ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:rDsunaro1f5LyKkEeNohXfDD9oEglNXtviD/JZtA1dw.

									ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:51:38:8d:fc:e4:d2:c7:ce:66:09:c8:f2:e6:9e:a7:f2.

									Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes

									Warning: Permanently added 'localhost' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.

									root@localhost's password:

通过ssh localhost命令检查发现需要输入密码，说明还未设置ssh免密，而且还可以自动生成.ssh文件，这个文件要创建的话比较麻烦

2、生成秘钥和公钥

如果118节点想免密登录到118节点（自己）：

118节点就要生成公钥和秘钥，且将公钥放到 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys中

				?

									[root@node01 .ssh]# ssh-keygen -t dsa -P '' -f ~/.ssh/id_dsa

									Generating public/private dsa key pair.

									Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_dsa.

									Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_dsa.pub.

									The key fingerprint is:

									SHA256:GHhKB7GeoYYlNPWJpCZ+VoABUyIgDbdYrjjyAdgui1k root@node01

									The key's randomart image is:

									+---[DSA 1024]----+

									|@BB+o.           |

									|=X=.++.          |

									|*o=.=++          |

									|=B +.* o         |

									|B.Eo+ . S        |

									|oOo.             |

									|+ .              |

									|                 |

									|                 |

									+----[SHA256]-----+

									[root@node01 .ssh]# cat ~/.ssh/id_dsa.pub >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys

									[root@node01 .ssh]# 

									[root@node01 .ssh]# ssh 192.168.0.118

									Last login: Sat Dec 31 13:52:49 2022 from 192.168.0.117

									[root@node01 ~]#