服务器之家:专注于VPS、云服务器配置技术及软件下载分享
分类导航

云服务器|WEB服务器|FTP服务器|邮件服务器|虚拟主机|服务器安全|DNS服务器|服务器知识|Nginx|IIS|Tomcat|

服务器之家 - 服务器技术 - 服务器知识 - CentOS 8.2 k8s 基础环境配置

CentOS 8.2 k8s 基础环境配置

2022-11-23 15:48娇小赤雅 服务器知识

这篇文章主要介绍了CentOS 8.2 k8s 基础环境配置,本文给大家介绍的非常详细,对大家的学习或工作具有一定的参考借鉴价值,需要的朋友可以参考下

一、基础环境配置

1 IP 修改

机器克隆后 IP 修改,使Xshell连接上

CentOS 8.2 k8s 基础环境配置

?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens160
TYPE="Ethernet"
PROXY_METHOD="none"
BROWSER_ONLY="no"
BOOTPROTO="static" # 配置静态IP,防止修改
DEFROUTE="yes"
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL="no"
IPV6INIT="yes"
IPV6_AUTOCONF="yes"
IPV6_DEFROUTE="yes"
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL="no"
IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE="stable-privacy"
NAME="ens160"
UUID="d20c4f2e-c799-46e6-9a7a-0579c1791c27"
DEVICE="ens160"
ONBOOT="yes"
IPADDR="192.168.192.10" # 修改ip地址
PREFIX="24"
GATEWAY="192.168.192.2" # 修改网关地址
IPV6_PRIVACY="no"
DNS1=114.114.114.114 # DSN配置上,不然使用域名会找不到的
DNS2=8.8.8.8

重启网卡,并测试好不好使

?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
[root@localhost software]# nmcli c reload ens160
[root@localhost software]# nmcli c up ens160
Connection successfully activated (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/5)
[root@localhost software]# 重启完后测试
[root@localhost software]# ping 114.114.114.114
PING 114.114.114.114 (114.114.114.114) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 114.114.114.114: icmp_seq=1 ttl=128 time=30.8 ms
64 bytes from 114.114.114.114: icmp_seq=2 ttl=128 time=30.6 ms
64 bytes from 114.114.114.114: icmp_seq=3 ttl=128 time=28.10 ms
64 bytes from 114.114.114.114: icmp_seq=4 ttl=128 time=30.1 ms
64 bytes from 114.114.114.114: icmp_seq=5 ttl=128 time=34.4 ms
^C
--- 114.114.114.114 ping statistics ---
5 packets transmitted, 5 received, 0% packet loss, time 14ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 28.999/30.978/34.430/1.841 ms

2 设置主机名

?
1
2
3
4
hostnamectl set-hostname kube-master01
hostnamectl set-hostname kube-node01
hostnamectl set-hostname kube-node02
hostnamectl set-hostname kube-vip

3 配置hosts本地解析

?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
cat > /etc/hosts <<EOF
127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
 
192.168.192.10 kube-master01
192.168.192.20 kube-node01
192.168.192.30 kube-node02
192.168.192.40 kube-vip
EOF

4 关闭防火墙 / Selinux / Swap

为了避免额外的干扰,需要关闭防火墙,对于公有云,内网端口一般全开放,外网端口通过安全组控制

?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
# 关闭防火墙
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl disable firewalld
Removed /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
Removed /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
 
# 关闭Selinux
# 永久关闭
[root@localhost ~]# sed -i "s#^SELINUX=.*#SELINUX=disabled#g" /etc/selinux/config
# 临时关闭
[root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0
# 检查
[root@localhost ~]# /usr/sbin/sestatus -v
SELinux status:                 enabled
 
# 先查看 Swap有没有
[root@localhost ~]# free -m
              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:           1800        1208         122          15         469         417
Swap:          2047          15        2032
# 关闭 Swap 分区,Swap 会影响性能
[root@localhost ~]# swapoff -a && sysctl -w vm.swappiness=0
vm.swappiness = 0
[root@localhost ~]# sed -ri '/^[^#]*swap/s@^@#@' /etc/fstab
# 在确认下 [查看swap一行全是0就正确]
[root@localhost ~]# free -m
              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:           1800        1210         110          25         479         406
Swap:             0           0           0
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
# 主机名解析
[root@localhost ~]# echo "127.0.0.1 $(hostname)" >> /etc/hosts
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain

5 YUM 源配置

本地或者自建服务器都需要配置 YUM 源,如果是云服务器由于本身就有对应云的 YUM 源,不需要配置

?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
# 备份旧的 yum 源
cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
mkdir backup-$(date +%F)
mv *repo backup-$(date +%F)
 
# 上面看不懂,这有简单的
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# mkdir /etc/yum.repos.d.bak
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# cp /etc/yum.repos.d/* /etc/yum.repos.d.bak/
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ls /etc/yum.repos.d.bak/
 
# 添加阿里云 yum 源
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# curl http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo -o ali.repo
  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
100  2523  100  2523    0     0  13637      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 13637

6 基础依赖安装

由于服务器最小化安装,需要安装一些常用的依赖和工具,否则后面安装可能会报错

?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
# 安装 epel 源
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum -y install epel-release
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum clean all
33 files removed
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum makecache
 
# 安装常用依赖
yum -y install gcc glibc gcc-c++ make cmake net-tools screen vim lrzsz tree dos2unix lsof \
    tcpdump bash-completion wget openssl openssl-devel bind-utils traceroute \
    bash-completion glib2 glib2-devel unzip bzip2 bzip2-devel libevent libevent-devel \
    expect pcre pcre-devel zlib zlib-devel jq psmisc tcping yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data \
    lvm2 git device-mapper-persistent-data bridge-utils container-selinux binutils-devel \
    ncurses ncurses-devel elfutils-libelf-devel ack
 
# 升级服务器
yum -y update

注意:yum 安装出错,看最后一个报错标题里面找。

7 配置时间同步

本地或者自建服务器都需要配置时间同步,如果是云服务器由于本身就有对应云的时间同步机制,不需要配置

?
1
2
echo "# 互联网时间同步" >> /var/spool/cron/root
echo "*/5 * * * * /usr/sbin/ntpdate time2.aliyun.com >/dev/null 2>&1" >> /var/spool/cron/root

8 互相免密

Master 节点执行以下操作

?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
ssh-keygen -t rsa
 
# 定义 master 列表
MASTER_LIST=(
192.168.192.10
192.168.192.30
)
 
# 配置免密登录
for i in ${MASTER_LIST[@]};do
    ssh-copy-id -i /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@$i
done
 
# yes
# 输入密码

9内核升级

在 Kubernetes 的 Github 仓库中:

有提到关于内核版本的问题:

  • Faster mount detection for linux kernel 5.10+ using openat2 speeding up pod churn rates. On Kernel versions less 5.10, it will fallback to using the original way of detecting mount points i.e by parsing /proc/mounts.
  • 这意味着内核 5.10 版本以后会使用 openat2 进行更快的挂载检测,所有可以将内核升级到 5.10 以后,但没必要最新。
  • 这里使用的是 5.11.16 版本,更新于 2021 年 4 月。如果想安装其它版本可以去下面网站下载:http://193.49.22.109/elrepo/kernel/el7/x86_64/RPMS/

创建用于存放安装包并下载

?
1
2
3
4
mkdir -p /opt/software/kernel
cd /opt/software/kernel
wget http://193.49.22.109/elrepo/kernel/el7/x86_64/RPMS/kernel-ml-5.11.14-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64.rpm
wget http://193.49.22.109/elrepo/kernel/el7/x86_64/RPMS/kernel-ml-devel-5.11.14-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64.rpm

执行安装

?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
yum localinstall -y kernel-ml*
 
# 设置内核启动顺序
grub2-set-default  0 && grub2-mkconfig -o /etc/grub2.cfg
 
# 查看默认内核
grubby --default-kernel

注意:CentOS 8.2 对以上内核升级需要安装各种依赖。

CentOS 7.9 升级内核 kernel-ml-5.6.14版本:http://www.tuohang.net/article/265146.htm

Centos 8.2 升级内核通过elrepo源:http://www.tuohang.net/article/265151.htm

10 系统优化

对系统打开文件数进行修改,提升性能

?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
cat >> /etc/security/limits.conf << EOF
# 打开文件优化配置
* soft nofile 655360
* hard nofile 655350
* soft nproc 655350
* hard nproc 655350
* soft memlock unlimited
* hard memlock unlimited
EOF
 
cat /etc/security/limits.conf

11 加载模块

ipvs模块配置

kube-proxy开启ipvs的前置条件

创建配置文件

内核 4.19+版本 nf_conntrack_ipv4 已改为 nf_conntrack ,4.18以下使用 nf_conntrack_ipv4即可。

安装 ipvsadm,节点通信需要用到 LVS,所有需要安装 ipvsadm。ipset 和 ipvsadm (便于查看 ipvs 的代理规则)

?
1
yum -y install ipvsadm ipset sysstat conntrack libseccomp

配置 ipvs 模块(内核 4.19 版本以前使用 nf_conntrack_ipv4,以后使用 nf_conntrack)

?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
modprobe -- ip_vs
modprobe -- ip_vs_rr
modprobe -- ip_vs_wrr
modprobe -- ip_vs_sh
modprobe -- nf_conntrack
 
cat > /etc/modules-load.d/ipvs.conf << EOF
ip_vs
ip_vs_lc
ip_vs_wlc
ip_vs_rr
ip_vs_wrr
ip_vs_lblc
ip_vs_lblcr
ip_vs_dh
ip_vs_sh
ip_vs_fo
ip_vs_nq
ip_vs_sed
ip_vs_ftp
ip_vs_sh
nf_conntrack
ip_tables
ip_set
xt_set
ipt_set
ipt_rpfilter
ipt_REJECT
ipip
EOF

重新加载配置

?
1
2
# 加载内核配置 警告忽略
systemctl enable --now systemd-modules-load.service

检查确认

?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
[root@localhost etc]# lsmod | grep --color=auto -e ip_vs -e nf_conntrack
ip_vs_ftp              16384  0
ip_vs_sed              16384  0
ip_vs_nq               16384  0
ip_vs_fo               16384  0
ip_vs_dh               16384  0
ip_vs_lblcr            16384  0
ip_vs_lblc             16384  0
ip_vs_wlc              16384  0
ip_vs_lc               16384  0
ip_vs_sh               16384  0
ip_vs_wrr              16384  0
ip_vs_rr               16384  0
ip_vs                 176128  24 ip_vs_wlc,ip_vs_rr,ip_vs_dh,ip_vs_lblcr,ip_vs_sh,ip_vs_fo,ip_vs_nq,ip_vs_lblc,ip_vs_wrr,ip_vs_lc,ip_vs_sed,ip_vs_ftp
nf_conntrack_tftp      20480  3 nf_nat_tftp
nf_nat                 49152  4 nf_nat_tftp,nft_chain_nat,xt_MASQUERADE,ip_vs_ftp
nf_conntrack          159744  7 xt_conntrack,nf_nat,nf_conntrack_tftp,nft_ct,nf_nat_tftp,xt_MASQUERADE,ip_vs
nf_defrag_ipv6         24576  2 nf_conntrack,ip_vs
nf_defrag_ipv4         16384  1 nf_conntrack
libcrc32c              16384  4 nf_conntrack,nf_nat,xfs,ip_vs
 
# 或者
 
[root@localhost etc]# cut -f1 -d " "  /proc/modules | grep -e ip_vs -e nf_conntrack
ip_vs_ftp
ip_vs_sed
ip_vs_nq
ip_vs_fo
ip_vs_dh
ip_vs_lblcr
ip_vs_lblc
ip_vs_wlc
ip_vs_lc
ip_vs_sh
ip_vs_wrr
ip_vs_rr
ip_vs
nf_conntrack_tftp
nf_conntrack

12 优化系统参数

添加内核调优参数,某些参数对 Kubernetes 集群很重要(不一定是最优,各取所有)

?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
cat >> /etc/sysctl.d/user.conf << EOF
# 内核调优
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
fs.may_detach_mounts = 1
vm.overcommit_memory=1
vm.panic_on_oom=0
fs.inotify.max_user_watches=89100
fs.file-max=52706963
fs.nr_open=52706963
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_max=2310720
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 600
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_probes = 3
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_intvl =15
net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 36000
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 327680
net.ipv4.tcp_orphan_retries = 3
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 16384
net.ipv4.ip_conntrack_max = 65536
net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0
net.core.somaxconn = 16384
EOF

两种方式

1 单独指定配置文件加载

?
1
sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/user.conf

2 手动加载所有的配置文件

?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
[root@localhost etc]# sysctl --system
* Applying /usr/lib/sysctl.d/10-default-yama-scope.conf ...
kernel.yama.ptrace_scope = 0
* Applying /usr/lib/sysctl.d/50-coredump.conf ...
kernel.core_pattern = |/usr/lib/systemd/systemd-coredump %P %u %g %s %t %c %h %e
* Applying /usr/lib/sysctl.d/50-default.conf ...
kernel.sysrq = 16
kernel.core_uses_pid = 1
kernel.kptr_restrict = 1
net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1
net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route = 0
net.ipv4.conf.all.promote_secondaries = 1
net.core.default_qdisc = fq_codel
fs.protected_hardlinks = 1
fs.protected_symlinks = 1
* Applying /usr/lib/sysctl.d/50-libkcapi-optmem_max.conf ...
net.core.optmem_max = 81920
* Applying /usr/lib/sysctl.d/50-pid-max.conf ...
kernel.pid_max = 4194304
* Applying /usr/lib/sysctl.d/60-libvirtd.conf ...
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
* Applying /etc/sysctl.d/99-sysctl.conf ...
* Applying /etc/sysctl.d/user.conf ...
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
vm.overcommit_memory = 1
vm.panic_on_oom = 0
fs.inotify.max_user_watches = 89100
fs.file-max = 52706963
fs.nr_open = 52706963
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_max = 2310720
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 600
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_probes = 3
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_intvl = 15
net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 36000
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 327680
net.ipv4.tcp_orphan_retries = 3
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 16384
net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0
net.core.somaxconn = 16384
* Applying /etc/sysctl.conf ...

完成后就可以重启服务器

?
1
reboot

重启完成,在查看 ipvs 的配置效果

?
1
lsmod | grep --color=auto -e ip_vs -e nf_conntrack

二、报错

1 域名解析不了

ping: baidu.com: Name or service not known

0curl: (6) Could not resolve host: mirrors.aliyun.com

解决

?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens160
...
GATEWAY="192.168.192.2" # 修改网关地址
IPV6_PRIVACY="no"
# 域名解析,网关也要对
DNS1=114.114.114.114
DNS2=8.8.8.8

重启

?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
[root@localhost software]# nmcli c reload ens160
[root@localhost software]# nmcli c up ens160
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ping baidu.com
PING baidu.com (110.242.68.66) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 110.242.68.66 (110.242.68.66): icmp_seq=1 ttl=128 time=24.0 ms
64 bytes from 110.242.68.66 (110.242.68.66): icmp_seq=2 ttl=128 time=26.5 ms
^C
--- baidu.com ping statistics ---
2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 4ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 24.005/25.233/26.462/1.238 ms

2 yum 安装出错

?
1
2
3
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum -y install epel-release
CentOS-8 - AppStream                                                                                       81  B/s |  38  B     00:00   
Error: Failed to download metadata for repo 'AppStream': Cannot prepare internal mirrorlist: No URLs in mirrorlist

解决

如果仍然需要运行旧CentOS 8,可以在/etc/yum.repos中更新repos.d使用vault.centos.org代替mirror.centos.org

修改下面两个文件

?
1
2
3
cd /etc/yum.repos.d
vi CentOS-Base.repo
vi CentOS-AppStream.repo

CentOS-BaseOS.repo的内容修改为

?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
[baseos]
name=CentOS Linux $releasever - BaseOS
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=BaseOS&infra=$infra
#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/$contentdir/$releasever/BaseOS/$basearch/os/
baseurl=https://vault.centos.org/centos/$releasever/BaseOS/$basearch/os/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-centosofficial

CentOS-AppStream.repo的内容修改为

?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
[appstream]
name=CentOS Linux $releasever - AppStream
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=AppStream&infra=$infra
#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/$contentdir/$releasever/AppStream/$basearch/os/
baseurl=https://vault.centos.org/centos/$releasever/AppStream/$basearch/os/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-centosofficial

再执行yum -y install epel-release命令,发现成功了!

三、安装 k8s

centos系统安装Kubernetes集群步骤: http://www.tuohang.net/article/130274.html

到此这篇关于CentOS 8.2 k8s 基础环境配置的文章就介绍到这了,更多相关k8s 基础环境配置内容请搜索服务器之家以前的文章或继续浏览下面的相关文章希望大家以后多多支持服务器之家!

原文链接:https://www.cnblogs.com/huaxiayuyi/p/16795089.html

延伸 · 阅读

精彩推荐