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Java编程多线程之共享数据代码详解

2021-04-01 13:35brianway Java教程

这篇文章主要介绍了Java编程多线程之共享数据代码详解,分享了相关代码示例,小编觉得还是挺不错的,具有一定借鉴价值,需要的朋友可以参考下

本文主要总结线程共享数据的相关知识,主要包括两方面:一是某个线程内如何共享数据,保证各个线程的数据不交叉;一是多个线程间如何共享数据,保证数据的一致性。

线程范围内共享数据

 

自己实现的话,是定义一个Map,线程为键,数据为值,表中的每一项即是为每个线程准备的数据,这样在一个线程中数据是一致的。

例子

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package com.iot.thread;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Random;
/**
 * Created by brian on 2016/2/4.
 */
public class ThreadScopeShareData {
    //准备一个哈希表,为每个线程准备数据
    private static Map<Thread,Integer> threadData = new HashMap<>();
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        for (int i=0;i<2;i++){
            new Thread(
                      new Runnable() {
                @Override
                        public void run() {
                    int data = new Random().nextint();
                    threadData.put(Thread.currentThread(),data);
                    System.out.println(Thread.currentThread()+" put data:"+data);
                    new A().get();
                    new B().get();
                }
            }
            ).start();
        }
    }
    static class A{
        public void get(){
            int data = threadData.get(Thread.currentThread());
            System.out.println("A from "+Thread.currentThread()+" get data "+data);
        }
    }
    static class B{
        public void get(){
            int data = threadData.get(Thread.currentThread());
            System.out.println("B from "+Thread.currentThread()+" get data "+data);
        }
    }
}

上述代码偶尔会报异常:

Exception in thread "Thread-0" java.lang.NullPointerException
at com.iot.thread.ThreadScopeShareData$A.get(ThreadScopeShareData.java:29)
at com.iot.thread.ThreadScopeShareData$1.run(ThreadScopeShareData.java:21)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)

具体原因还不知道

ThreadLocal类

 

API:

java.lang:Class ThreadLocal<T>

  • 单变量

使用ThreadLocal类型的对象代替上面的Map即可

  • 多变量

定义一个对象来封装多个变量,然后在ThreadLocal中存储整个对象

多变量时,最好将ThreadLocal类放在数据类的内部,数据类采用单例模式,这样,新建对象和获取对象都会更方便,同时封装性更强。

示例代码:

 

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package com.iot.thread;
import java.util.Random;
/**
 * Created by brian on 2016/2/4.
 */
public class ThreadLocalTest {
    private static ThreadLocal<Integer> threadInger = new ThreadLocal<>();
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        for (int i=0;i<2;i++){
            new Thread(new Runnable() {
                @Override
                        public void run() {
                    int data = new Random().nextint(100);
                    threadInger.set(data);
                    System.out.println(Thread.currentThread()+" put data:"+data);
                    MyThreadScopeData.getThreadInstance().setName(Thread.currentThread().toString());
                    MyThreadScopeData.getThreadInstance().setAge(data%10);
                    new A().get();
                    new B().get();
                }
            }
            ).start();
        }
    }
    static class A{
        public void get(){
            int data = threadInger.get();
            System.out.println("A from "+Thread.currentThread()+" get data "+data);
            MyThreadScopeData myThreadScopeData = MyThreadScopeData.getThreadInstance();
            System.out.println("A from "+myThreadScopeData);
        }
    }
    static class B{
        public void get(){
            int data = threadInger.get();
            System.out.println("B from "+Thread.currentThread()+" get data "+data);
            MyThreadScopeData myThreadScopeData = MyThreadScopeData.getThreadInstance();
            System.out.println("B from "+myThreadScopeData);
        }
    }
}
/**
 * 将多变量封装起来的数据类
 * 单例模式,内置ThreadLocal类型变量
 */
class MyThreadScopeData{
    private MyThreadScopeData(){
    }
    private static ThreadLocal<MyThreadScopeData> data = new ThreadLocal<>();
    public static MyThreadScopeData getThreadInstance(){
        MyThreadScopeData instance = data.get();
        if(instance == null){
            instance = new MyThreadScopeData();
            data.set(instance);
        }
        return instance;
    }
    private String name;
    private int age;
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }
    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }
    @Override
      public String toString() {
        String reVal = super.toString()+"-{name,age}"+":{"+getName()+","+getAge()+"}";
        return reVal;
    }
}

多线程访问共享数据

 

几种方式

  • 线程执行代码相同,使用同一Runnable对象,Runnable对象中有共享数据
  • 线程执行代码不同,将共享数据封装在另一对象中(操作数据的方法也在该对象完成),将这个对象逐一传递给各个Runnable对象。[本质:共享数据的对象作为参数传入Runnable对象]
  • 线程执行代码不同,将Runnable对象作为某一个类的内部类,共享数据作为这个外部类的成员变量(操作数据的方法放在外部类)。[本质:不同内部类共享外部类数据]
  • 结合上两种方式,将共享数据封装在另一对象中(操作数据的方法也在该对象完成),该对象作为这个外部类的成员变量,将Runnable对象作为内部类

最后一种方式的示例:

设计5个线程,其中三个线程每次对j增加1,另外两个线程对j每次减少1

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package com.iot.thread;
/**
 * Created by brian on 2016/2/4.
 */
public class MutiThreadShareData {
    private static MutiShareData mutiShareData = new MutiShareData();
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        for (int i=0;i<3;i++){
            new Thread(
                      new Runnable() {
                @Override
                            public void run() {
                    System.out.println(Thread.currentThread()+":{j from "+ mutiShareData.getJ()+" + to: "+mutiShareData.increment()+"}");
                }
            }
            ).start();
        }
        for (int i=0;i<2;i++){
            new Thread(
                      new Runnable() {
                @Override
                            public void run() {
                    System.out.println(Thread.currentThread()+":{j from "+ mutiShareData.getJ()+" - to: "+mutiShareData.decrement()+"}");
                }
            }
            ).start();
        }
    }
}
/**
 * 将共享数据封装在另一对象中(操作数据的方法也在该对象完成)
 */
class MutiShareData{
    private int j = 0;
    public synchronized int increment(){
        return ++j;
    }
    public synchronized int decrement(){
        return --j;
    }
    public synchronized int getJ() {
        return j;
    }
    public synchronized void setJ(int j) {
        this.j = j;
    }
}

总结

 

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原文链接:http://blog.csdn.net/h3243212/article/details/50659415

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